TEACH A

COURSE

PRESENTATION SUBTITLE
 PAKISTAN’S RELATIONS WITH CHINA
 Pakistan recognized the communist government of China in 1950 and supported it in regaining the UNO
membership. During 1956-60, leaders of both countries visited each other's country to strengthen economic and
cultural relations. In 1963, the boundary line between the two countries was demarcated to avoid any conflict in
future. A series of trade agreements were signed in 1960s.
 China granted $60 million interest free loan and became the world's largest importer of
 Pakistan's cotton. Pakistan imported industrial machinery and developed the Heavy Mechanical Complex at
Taxila. Pakistan International Airline started regular flights to China which resulted in increased business.
KaraKaram Highway is the road link that flourishes trade and tourism between the two countries.
 China has supported Pakistan's stand on Kashmir issue. During the 1965 war with India, China supplied military
aid to Pakistan along with diplomatic assistance. Jn 1986, the two countries signed a nuclear cooperation treaty
which is an indication of very good relations. China gave the Chashma Nuclear Power Plant to Pakistan,
constructed near Mianwali and which started operation in 1999.
 Now coming to the weaker side, Pakistan did not have good relations with China in its early few years after
independence due to pro-American policies (USA and China were rivals).[Continued on next slide] 2
 RELATIONS WITH CHINA [CONTINUED]
 In 1959 Pakistan condemned Chinese military action in Tibet which was displeasure for China. In the 1971 war
with India, China did not support Pakistan due to former USSR pressure that supported India. During 1990s China
wanted Pakistan to resolve its issue of Kashmir with India. Perhaps she wanted a compromise which was a cause
of resentment for Pakistan.
 Conclusively, it can be said that as a whole Pakistan has maintained cordial relations with China. The two
countries have been living in harmony. Delegations from almost all walks of life exchanged visits. Up to 1999,
there were strong economi , trade and cultural ties between the two countries. And Pakistan received signifi nt
ilitary and industrial equipment from China.
 China proved to be a reliable and consistent friend over the periods of decades. Pakistan supported China
diplomatically in the UN and the Outside. Both the countries have developed close relations in all the areas
including economic development and industrialization, defense, science and technology, environment and trade.
 China has played a significant role in the development, economy and security of Pakistan
 Since the advent of the 21st century, Pakistan and China have strengthened their relations through bilateral trade,
military agreements and supporting each other on key issues. 3
 RELATIONS WITH AFGHANISTAN

 Afghanistan provides a mix of challenges and opportunities for Pakistan. As with India, Pakistan’s relations
with Afghanistan have been hostage to security. However, the biggest trouble with Pakistan’s foreign policy
towards Afghanistan is its deep socio-political and economic impact on Pakistan.
 The past 35 years have proven the fact that any foreign policy towards Afghanistan will have great social,
economic and political fallout on Pakistan be it the Afghan-Soviet war of 1979 to 1988, the era of Taliban or
9/11. Since the unfortunate event of 9/11, Afghanistan and the region have gone through a rapid change. The
Taliban, although ousted from power, are not yet defeated.
 America and the West have, to a large extent, given up their interest in Afghanistan. The only thing that one
finds common when it comes to Afghanistan, is the concern among Afghanistan’s neighbours regarding the
threat of terrorism, extremism and militancy reaching their borders. This threat, therefore, raises the interest of
all neighbouring states to get involved with Afghanistan. (Continued)

4
 RELATIONS WITH AFGHANISTAN [CONTINUED]

 So dealing with Afghanistan means dealing with a number of countries that include China, Russia, United States and Iran.
Since the United States attack on Afghanistan in 2001, Pakistan has been facing continued challenges on its western border.
Unfortunately, promises that the Americans made to Pakistan prior to the attack were not kept.
 Resultantly, Pakistan could not develop a considerable support base or a strategic space in Afghanistan’s current political
establishment. Secondly, Pakistan, due to its own economic downturn, could not buttress its foreign policy goals in
Afghanistan with economic tools. Therefore, we could not invest much in Afghanistan as India or Iran did.
 Pakistan should clearly and effectively communicate to Afghanistan that Pakistan’s foremost objective — the sanctity of its
sovereignty, security and territorial integrity — can never be compromised. Therefore, cooperation with Afghanistan will be
conditioned with the elimination of anti-Pakistan elements on Afghan soil — be it the Baloch separatists, remnants of the TTP
or other terrorist outfits.
 Stability in Afghanistan is in the utmost security, political, economic and social interest of Pakistan. Policymakers in
Washington and Kabul understand that stability will not come to Afghanistan without Pakistan’s help. Kabul and Islamabad
also agree that terrorists, extremists, militants and others of their likes cannot be and will not be allowed to hijack the destiny
of the two countries. (Continued)
5
 RELATIONS WITH AFGHANISTAN

 During last few years, Pakistan has taken serious measures to reach to all Afghans.
Therefore, the government in Kabul should look to their own incompetences, governmental
and institutional problems rather than blaming Pakistan for every wrongdoing that takes
place in Afghanistan.
 While all of the above mentioned points carry a considerable weight, the most crucial point
on Pakistan’s foreign policy agenda with Afghanistan should be preventing India from
using Afghanistan as a launching pad for subversive activities against Pakistan’s national
interests.
 Moreover, it should not be surprising that 50,000 people cross the Pak-Afghan border daily
with a big majority of them being Afghans crossing into Pakistan for treatment, business or
meeting families. Therefore, one can say that Pakistan has every chance of developing a
huge constituency in Afghanistan. 6
 RELATIONS WITH IRAN

 Despite some difficulties — common in international relations — Pakistan’s relations

with Iran have remained good and friendly. Both countries have enjoyed a long period of
good relations that are central to the stability of the region. Presently, Iran is emerging as
a powerful broker in Middle Eastern politics. After the nuclear deal with the United States
and Western powers, Iran looks more confident about its regional role. Pakistan and Iran
have stakes in Afghanistan as well as in the wider region. The nuclear deal between Iran
and the world will give an opportunity to Pakistan to benefit from trade and commerce
with Tehran. Iran also provides Pakistan an opportunity to fulfil its energy
requirements.16 Pakistan must bring dynamism in its foreign policy regarding Iran and
the gulf countries. Walking a fine line between Iran and the GCC will be a major
challenge for Pakistan’s future foreign policy.
7
THANK YOU!
 REASONS FOR CORDIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN PAKISTAN AND
THE MUSLIM WORLD
 A good and brotherly relation with Muslim countries has been the corner stone of Pakistan's foreign policy from the very beginning. Muslim
countries were given top priority in our foreign relations. Pakistan has enjoyed good relations with almost all the countries of the Islamic
World because Islam is the common bond of brotherhood.
 There are great similarities in way of life, food, dress, customs, and religious festivals in almost all Muslim countries. Very cordial and close
cultural and religious relations have existed between Pakistan and Iran. Persian language had a deep impact on Urdu language and
literature. Many Pakistani pilgrims visit the sacred tombs and shrines in Iran on regular basis. Deep cultural and religious bonds have
developed between Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. Hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from Pakistan go for Hajj and Umra every year.
 Their impact is so deep that Urdu language is widely understood in Saudi Arabia. Pakistani scholars go for higher studies in Islamic religion
to Saudi universities. Similarly Saudi students study in Pakistani medical and engineering colleges. Saudi Cadets receive military training in
armed forces academies of Pakistan on regular basis. Teaching of Arabic through TV and radio was introduced in Pakistan.
 Pakistan, Iran and Turkey got bound together by RCD pact in 1964. RCD was later transformed into ECO which includes many Central
Asian Republics as well.
 Unbreakable cultural, linguistic and trade relations exist between Pakistan and its immediate neighbor Afghanistan. Pushto is spoken on both
sides of the border and there is great cultural and ethnic similarity. Over 3 million Afghan refugees have been given shelter in refugee camps
in Pakistan.
 Very close cultural relations exist between Pakistan and Gulf States. Pakistani artists and singers hold their cultural shows in which the public
thoroughly enjoys. Moreover, Sharjah Cricket matches matches in which Pak Team takes part are very popular. A large number of Pakistani
9
are also working in Gulf States and Saudi Arabia are helping in economic development of these countries.
 SECOND SKILL

The Palestinian Issue

Kashmir Dispute

TEACH A COURSE 10
 PALESTINIAN ISSUE

 The Palestine problem has been the cause of unrest for the entire Muslim world. The people and government of Pakistan
continue with their support and have always acknowledged the right of the Palestinian people. Pakistan has always spoken
strongly in favor of the Arab cause in the United Nations, the Security Council and at all other international forums such as
NAM etc.
 At all OIC meetings Pakistan has stressed for the protection of the rights and interests of the Palestinian people and has
always pressed for a just and honorable solution of the problem. Pakistan has always demanded that Israel should vacate the
occupied Arab territories and should stop its expansionist designs. Also Israel should stop the killing of innocent Palestinian
people. During the Second OIC summit Conference at Lahore in 1974, the Israeli attitude was strongly condemned. It was
demanded that Israel should withdraw from occupied Arab territories and the former status of Jerusalem shouId be restored.
Pakistan recognizes the PLO as the true representative of the Palestini pe ple. Pakistan does not recognize the state of Israel
and has never shown any intention to develop diplomatic relations with that-state. Pakistan has been supporting Palestinian
Cause andhas not recognised Israel ever since the emergence of Israel state in 1948, Pakistan has opposed the unjust and
unfair policy of western powers that arranged an supported the settlement of Jews from all parts of the world on unlawfully
occupied Arab lands. Pakistan has ised on the forum of OIC for the rights of Palestinian people and withdrawal of Israeli
forces from the occupied territories.
11
 KASHMIR CONFLICT

 Since partition, the issue of Kashmir has caused friction between India and Pakistan. Fighting between India and Pakistan in
1948 resulted in Kashmir being divided between the two countries[Discussed in Next Slide]. However, Pakistan was angered
that India retained the largest area of Kashmir, including the capital, Srinagar and was determined to try to gain control of the
whole of Kashmir. Most of the 4 million inhabitants of Kashmir were Muslims and Pakistan believed the territory rightly
belonged to her.
 From 1949, there was an agreed ceasefire line through Kashmir, which was controlled by troops from the UN. Negotiations
continued through the 1950s, but little progress was made.
 In 1954 and 1955, India tried to integrate The Indian-Occupied Kashmir. This provoked protests from Pakistan and, then, from
the UN after Pakistan appealed to the United Nations Security Council.
 In 1957, the UN Security Council was so concerned that India might try to occupy Kashmir again, that it issued a declaration
re-confirming that the whole of Kashmir was a disputed territory and that its future could only be settled by a vote by the
people of Kashmir. Such a plebiscite should be supervised by the UN. To date, no such vote has taken place and the area has
remained a constant source of tension.
12
 CONCLUSION

 Foreign policy is thought as the facade of a country in the global community; as systematic, dynamic, effective
and successful foreign policy elevates the stature of a country on the international stage. While a weak and passive
foreign policy causes failure and may lead up to negative consequences such as diplomatic isolation, economic
downturn and political chaos.
 Pakistan’s foreign policy, like that of any other country, will be hugely affected by our internal environment. Our
overall national interest, foreign policy goals and the objectives of our national security and foreign policy are
linked to political stability, economic strength, good governance, vibrant institutions and social cohesion.
 Thus, the best of our foreign policies will not bring us any good unless and until we put our own house in order by
bringing law and order, eradicating corruption, improving governance and economic management. Lastly, in order
to create a favourable domestic environment, we need to consolidate the effects of operation Zarb-e-Azb and
move harder against militancy, sectarianism, fanaticism, and extremism.

13
 1 2 3 4 5
Lesson 1. Lesson 2. Lesson 3. Lesson 4. Lesson 5.
Lorem ipsum dolor Sed ut perspiciatis Lorem ipsum dolor Sed ut perspiciatis Lorem ipsum dolor
sit amet, unde omnis iste sit amet, unde omnis iste sit amet,
consectetuer natus error sit consectetuer natus error sit consectetuer
adipiscing elit voluptatem adipiscing elit voluptatem adipiscing elit

COURSE OUTLINE

TEACH A COURSE 14
 FIRST LESSON
We will cover these skills:
 First skill
 Second skill
 Third skill

TEACH A COURSE 15
FIRST SKILL
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Maecenas porttitor congue massa.
Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar
ultricies, purus lectus malesuada
libero, sit amet commodo magna eros
quis urna.
 Nunc viverra imperdiet enim. Fusce
est. Vivamus a tellus.
 Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique
senectus et netus et malesuada fames
ac turpis egestas. Proin pharetra
nonummy pede. Mauris et orci.

TEACH A COURSE 16
 SECOND SKILL

Lorem Ipsum

Dolor Sit Amet

Consectetur

TEACH A COURSE 17
 THIRD SKILL
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Maecenas porttitor congue massa.
Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar
ultricies, purus lectus malesuada
libero, sit amet commodo magna
eros quis urna.
 Nunc viverra imperdiet enim. Fusce
est. Vivamus a tellus.
 Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique
senectus et netus et malesuada
fames ac turpis egestas. Proin
pharetra nonummy pede. Mauris et
orci.

TEACH A COURSE 18
 FIRST LESSON
SUMMARY
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Maecenas porttitor congue massa.
Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar
ultricies, purus lectus malesuada
libero, sit amet commodo magna
eros quis urna.
 Nunc viverra imperdiet enim. Fusce
est. Vivamus a tellus.
 Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique
senectus et netus et malesuada
fames ac turpis egestas. Proin
pharetra nonummy pede. Mauris et
orci.

TEACH A COURSE 19
 COURSE PROGRESS

Lesson 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

Lesson 2. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

Lesson 3. Sed ut perspiciatis unde

Lesson 4. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet

Lesson 5. Sed ut perspiciatis unde

TEACH A COURSE 20
 LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed
pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet
commodo magna eros quis urna.
 Nunc viverra imperdiet enim. Fusce est. Vivamus a tellus.
 Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et
malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Proin pharetra nonummy
pede. Mauris et orci.
 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed
pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet
commodo magna eros quis urna.
TEACH A COURSE
 No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is
pleasure, but because those who do not know how to pursue
pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely
painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or pursues or
desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but because
occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can
procure him some great pleasure. To take a trivial example,
which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise,
except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any
right to find fault with a man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure
that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a pain
that produces no resultant pleasure?
21
 LOREM IPSUM DOLOR
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetuer adipiscing elit. Maecenas porttitor congue massa. Fusce posuere, magna sed pulvinar
ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna.

TEACH A COURSE 22
THANK YOU!
LOREM IPSUM DOLOR SIT AMET, CONSECTETUER ADIPISCING ELIT. MAECENAS PORTTITOR CONGUE
MASSA. FUSCE POSUERE, MAGNA SED PULVINAR ULTRICIES, PURUS LECTUS MALESUADA LIBERO