THE PROJECT

MANAGER’S WORLD
UNIT1 COURSE
CODE 6571
Tahira B. Naushahi
PROJECT
 “Planned set of interrelated tasks to be
executed over a fixed period and within
certain cost and other limitations.”
(Business Dictionary)
“A non-routine, non-repetitive one-off
undertaking, normally with discrete time,
financial and technical performance
goals.”(Harrison, 1981)
PROJECT
 A group of connected activities with a
definite starting point, a definite intelligence
to direct it. (Taylor and Watling, 1973)
 Combination of human and non- human
resources pulled together in a temporary
organization to achieve a specific purpose.
(Cleland and King 1975)
TYPES OF PROJECTS
 Simple projects
 Complex projects
 Short-term Projects
 Long-term Projects
 Pilot Projects
PROJECT MANAGEMENT CYCLE
 Identification and formulation
 Appraisal and Approval
 Implementation
 Completion and Closure
 Ex-Post Evaluation
SOURCES OF PROBLEMS OF
PROJECT:
 Optimistic Project Costing
 Excessive Delays In Approval And
Implementation Of Projects
 Unforeseen Situations
 Mis-handling of Projects
 Inflation
 Unstable Currency Exchange Disparities
 The policy environment
…………
 Government administrative process
 Inaccurate demand for costs
 Technology and project design
 Personnel administration
 Procurement
 ............
 Taking too narrow focus
 Need to weight-up alternative
 Ignoring the wishes of people
 Need for manpower and training
 Need for flexibility in project design and
management
 Transfer of benefits to the target population
 Need for better monitoring
BOTTLENECK IDENTIFIED BY
PLANNING COMMISSION
 Unrealistic financing phasing of project and
programs
 Uncertainty and inadequacy of events
 Fluctuation in foreign exchange rate
 Inflation and price escalation
 Wrong assumption about price of inputs
 Inappropriate planning and forecast of
procedure for loan negotiation
BOTTLENECK IDENTIFIED BY
PLANNING COMMISSION
 Lack of expertise in conceiving and
preparation of developmental scheme on
realistic basis
 Lack of cooperation between various
department and agencies
 Creation of corporations having relatively
low experienced officers to manage them
 Lack of delegation of financial power to
appropriate progress in monitoring fields
BOTTLENECK IDENTIFIED BY
PLANNING COMMISSION
 To lack or even an absence of appropriate
progress in monitoring field
 Approval of economically and financially non-
viable projects
 Over staffing in certain projects
 Wrong location of projects
 Award of contract to non-deserving parts
BOTTLENECK IDENTIFIED BY
PLANNING COMMISSION
 Shortage of appropriate manpower
 Shortage of certain key inputs imported or
local
 Unexpected events and incidents
 Long term planning
 Problem with in the project cycle
 Inside project problem
 Coordination
 Location
 Shifting
 Power of delegation
 Political pressure
 Capacity potential of the project
 Physical facilities
 Community interest and involvement
 Inflation