WELCOME

LEGAL,ETHICAL,
PSYCHOSOCIAL &
REHABILITATION ISSUES
RELATED TO HIV/ AIDS

PRESENTED BY: SUSHRUTA MOHAPATRA

MSc nursing 2nd year
 DEFINITION

According to Melanie and Evelyn

“Ethics refers to the moral code for
nursing and is based on obligation to
service and respect for human life”.
Ethics are the rules or principles that
govern right conduct and are designed
to protect the rights of human beings.
 ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
1. RESPECT FOR PERSON
2. RESPECT FOR AUTONOMY
3. RESPECT FOR FREEDOM
4. RESPECT FOR BENEFICENCE (DOING GOOD)
5. RESPECT FOR NON- MALFEASANCE (AVOIDING HARM TO
OTHERS)
6. RESPECT FOR VERACITY (TRUTH TELLING)
7. RESPECT FOR JUSTICE (FAIR AND EQUAL TREATMENT)
8. RESPECT FOR RIGHTS
9. RESPECT FOR FIDELITY (FULFILLING PROMISES)
10. CONFIDENTIALITY (PROTECTING PRIVILEGED INFORMATION)
LEGAL & ETHICAL ISSUES
 PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF HIV CLIENT
• It means social stigma, discrimination which has a bad impact
over the psychology of the HIV affected women.
• HIV Stigma can be defined as an act of identifying, labelling or
attributing undesirable qualities targeted towards those who are
perceived as being shamefully different from the social ideal.
• People with HIV/AIDS are stigmatized and discriminated against
for many reasons, including the following:
• HIV is a slow, incurable disease that eventually results in
suffering and death.
• Many people regard HIV as a death sentence.
CONT…..
•The public often poorly understands how
HIV is transmitted and is irrationally afraid of
acquiring HIV from people infected with it.
•HIV transmission is often associated
with violations of social mores
regarding proper sexual relationships,
so people with HIV are associated with
having done something “bad.”
Cont….
•Therapeutic protocols are lacking for anti-
HIV medications that could control the
spread of the epidemic and prolong lives.
•Even if stigma is minimized an incurable
and often fatal disease requires enormous
psychosocial adjustments.
•They commonly go through an initial stage
of denial in which they do not acknowledge
having the disease or deny its likely
consequences.
• HIV threatens a person’s life, goals, expectations and
significant relationships, no wonder that many people
are reluctant to admit their diagnosis or their risk of
infection. People who subject themselves to high- risk
situations or behaviours commonly deny that they are at
risk of HIV infection. They often avoid testing, and if they
are tested they avoid following up on results, as if
avoiding a clinical diagnosis might prevent the disease.
• HIV disease can be characterized as producing three
major psychological concerns:
A perception of HIV as a threat
Feelings of vulnerability and loss of control
Death-related concerns.
Other psychological mechanisms
1. Denial-- total refusal of acknowledging
the truth of HIV infection
2. Splitting -- always present, to a lesser or
greater extent because it allows some
degree of dissociation and denial
3. Limitation of the ability to process and
integrate symbols.
REHABLITATION IN HIV
CLIENT
 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY & VOCATIONAL
REHABILITATION FOR INDIVIDUALS LIVING
WITH HIV/AIDS
• Occupational therapy enables individuals to engage in the
occupations that are meaningful to them in order to achieve the
optimum quality of life for that individual. Occupational therapy can
have a crucial role in assisting persons living with HIV/AIDS to re-
engage with life, particularly through vocational rehabilitation
programmes.

• Vocational rehabilitation was defined by the Canadian Labour Office

in 1973 as "the continuous and coordinated process of rehabilitation
which involves the provision of those vocational services designed to
enable a disabled person to secure and retain suitable employment"
A four-phase programme was designed by Grossman and Bortone in
1986 based on the Model of Human Occupation which includes both
individual therapy and group education and support sessions. The
phases are as follows:
1. First phase: It allows clients to explore and foster the necessary
daily habits and work skills to support a vocational role.
2. Second phase: It allows further development of skills and habits through
various voluntary work placements. These experiences helped the client to
determine his or her tolerance for work and how fatigue and the side effects of
various medications affected work performance.

3. Third phase: It allows the clients to be placed in paid employment

or returned to or entered formal education or job-training
programmes.
4. Fourth phase: It is concerned with long-term support, follow-up and the
availability of the programme’s staff to intervene and provide support as
necessary.
 Benefits of rehabilitation
Creek in 2002 identified a number of benefits of
rehabilitation to the individual these are as follows:
•Giving people a role in society
•A means of earning
•Giving structure and purpose
•Providing a source of self-esteem
•Social interaction
•Interest and satisfaction.
•provides a routine and a distraction away from the
traumas of diagnosis or infection.
SUMMARY