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THEORETICAL/CONCEP
TUAL FRAMEWORKS
FORMULATE THEORETICAL/CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORKS
THEORY- is a set of interrelated construct, definitions, and
prepositions that present a systematic view of
phenomena by specifying relations among variables with
the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena
(kerlinger, 1973
Theories refer to a hypothetical universe- hypothetical in
the sense that it encompasses all past, present and future
cases o which theory applies.
RELATION OF THEORY TO THE
RESEARCH PROCESS
A theory, conceptual model or theoretical framework
identifies parameters for the study, guides data
collection and provides a perspective in the
interpretation of data to enable the researchers to
structure facts into an orderly system.
Fawcett (1984) describes the relationship between
theory and research as a double helix,
With the theory serving as the impetus of scientific
investigations and findings from research shaping the
development of theory.
CONCEPTS
Are abstractions that categorize observations based on
commonalities and differences.
They are building blocks of theories and they vary in level
of abstraction.
Example of highly abstract
Stress
Pain
Grief
wellness
Continues….
Examples of less abstract and more concrete concepts:
Blood
Temperature
Weight
Height
Construct
Is a group of concepts that are directly or indirectly
observable.
They are derived from a combination of academic and
clinical knowledge and add meaning and scope to a
theory.
Examples:
Society
Social status
Health
Not observable are theoretical constructs:
Superego
Oedipus complex from psychoanalytical theory
PREPOSITIONS
Are statements that describes the relationship of two or
more concepts.
Theory development begins with the identification and
description of concepts and constructs and proceeds to
formulate relationships between the two concepts.
CONCEPTUAL MODEL OR PARADIGM