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Do Smarty Demo
Electric Circuit
A path over which electrons travel, out through the negative
terminal, through the conductor, back in through the positive
terminal.
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http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/physics/home/notes/electricity/circuits/Conductivity.htm
http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/physics/home/notes/electricity/circuits/Conductivity.htm
Electric Current
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0oTmAP_EESI&feature=player_embedded
Alternating Current and Direct Current
If a single electron has a charge of 1.60 × 10 -19
Coulombs, then
1.60 1019 Coulombs
1Electron
1 Electron
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1.60 10 Coulombs
Electron
6.24 1018
Coulombs
A collection of 6.24 × 1018 electrons has a
charge of one Coulomb
q
I
t
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Example:
A battery can deliver 14.7 coulombs of charge in
30 s. Find the current.
q 14.7C
I 0.49 A
t 30 s
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Voltage can be thought of as, “The driving
force which causes the current to flow”
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Electric Potential - work needed or energy
acquired when a positive charge is moved from
infinity to a certain point in an electric field.
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Potential Difference – The change in the
potential energy of a charge as it is moved
between 2 points within an electric field.
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The difference in this electric potential energy
is what is known as voltage
Current does not flow unless there’s a potential
difference (voltage) present.
E
V
q
V = Potential Difference (V)
E = Energy (Joules)
q = Charge (Coulombs)
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Example:
If a battery cell provides 3.0 J of electrical
potential energy in moving 2 coulombs of
charge through the cell, what is the potential
difference (or voltage) of the cell?
E 3.0 Joules
V 1.5 Volts
q 2.0 Coulombs
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Example:
It takes 6 Joules of work to move 2 coulombs of
charge between 2 points in an electric field. What
is the potential energy difference (voltage)
between these 2 points?
W E
E W 6 Joules
V 3 Volts
q q 2 Coulombs
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Resistance
As electrons move through a material they
experience collisions with other atoms.
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Electrical resistance is when a material
resists or does not allow current to flow
through the material.
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Resistance Depends on 4 Factors:
1. Temperature
Increasing the temperature causes an increase in
the collision of particles, which then in turn
increases the resistance.
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Resistance
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzUTOeoxREM&feature=related
http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/physics/home/notes/electricity/intro/wiresResistanceCurrent.swf
Ohms Law
The potential difference across a load
equals the product of the current through
the load and the resistance of the load.
V = IR
R = Resistance (Ohms )
V = Potential Difference (Volts V)
I = Current (Amperes A)
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Example:
A 120 Volt potential difference applied to the
terminals of a light bulb produces a 2.2 A
current through the bulb. Calculate the
resistance of the light bulb.
V 120
R 55
I 2.2
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Electrical Power:
The rate at which electric energy is
converted to other forms of energy is called
the power output in the circuit.
E
P
t
P = Power in J/s (Watts)
E = Energy in J
t = time in seconds 31
We can use unit analysis to put the equation for
power in to a different form as well.
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Example:
Find the power consumed by the light bulb in
the following circuit.
http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/physics/home/notes/electricity/circuits/ResistanceWire.htm
Homework
Pg. 692 #’s 1, 2
Pg. 696 #’s 4, 6
Pg. 714 #’s 21, 23
Pg. 737 #’s 40, 41, 42
RRHS Handout
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