LUCERNE AND BERSEEM

SUBMITTED TO:
DR. MUHAMMAD FAROOQ
SUBMITTED BY:
Noman Anwar
15-Arid-4488
contents
 Introduction
 Morphology
 Sowing
 varieties
 Nutritive value
 Usage
 Annual production
 Anti nutritional factors
Lucerne
 Scientific name is Medicago sativa
 also known as alfalfa
 Rabbi crop
 Leguminous family
 Perennial crop
 Drought and frost resistant
Morphology

 Plant height is 2-3 feet

 Deep rooted
 Sawtooth leaf pattern
 Purple flower
sowing
 LAND PREPARATION
 3-4 ploughings, 2 ½ bags of DAP /ha
 Sowing time is Oct to november
 SOWING METHOD
 Ridges and furrows are formed about 45cm apart

and lucerne seeds are dibbled on both sides of

ridges using 3 or 4 seeds per hole
 6-8 kg/acre
 Drier regions best for crop production.
 First cut after 3 month of sowing.
 Later cuts after interval of 5-6 weeks.
varieties
 Sundar
 Pioneer
 powera
usage
 Provide green fodder throughout the year,
 especially during two period of fodder

scarcity in the country

 Perennial forage and lasts for many years.
 Known as ‘Queen of fodders’.
 Good for hay making
Annual production
 On average ,in six cuts per year,100_125
tonnes green fodder are obtained from 1
hectare in punjab and 50-75 t/ha in Sindh
diseases and Anti nutritional factors
 Saponins
 Can cause reduction in growth of animals
Phytoestrogen
 It can cause reduction in conception rates in cattle and
sheep
 Three pests, armyworms, gram caterpillar, and aphids
often attack the alfalfa crop.
 Sevin-85 should be dusted when attack near 5% of
flowering stage .
 Wait two week after spraying before harvesting the
crop
Berseem
Introduction
 Its scientific name is Trifolium alexandrinum
 It is a Rabi ( winter ) crop
 Annual multi-cut forage
 Nitrogen fixer ( leguminous )
 Highly palatable and digestible
 High nutrient value
 A fair degree of drought and cold resistance
 Excellent hay can be made from it
 Called “ King of the crops “
morphology

 2-3 feet in height

 Leaflet shape is
 Round
 Flower colour is
 white & round
 It Has a shallow taproot
 Stems are hollow, branching at the base, with

alternate leaves having 4-5 cm long and 2-3

cm broad leaflets.
morphology
It is trifoliate ( three leaf attach at the same
 point)
sowing
 3-4 ploughings
 2 ½ bags of DAP /ha
 Sowing time is Oct to november
 The land is ploughed well and small sized
beds are formed which are flooded with about
5 cm of water and seeds ( soaked in water
overnight ) are broadcast in the standing
water. To ensure uniform sowing , seeds are
mixed with equal quantity of fine earth.
 8-10 kg /acre
Varieties

 Agati berseem

 Pachati berseem

 Peshawari berseem

 Anmol

 Super berseem

 Composite-84

 Saidi

 Misri
yield
 The first cutting is obtained usually 45 days
after sowing and subsequent cutting at the
interval of 25 to 30 days.
 in the mid-hill zone during winter, interval

between cutting is about 50 to 60 days. In all,

5 to 6 cuttings may be obtained.
 30-40 tons/acre in a year
usage
 As a multi-purpose fodder;
 As a high quality fodder
 Palatable fodder
 Non-toxic fodder
 Also used for hay making
Anti nutritional factors
 No anti nutritional factor
Comparison of lucerne and berseem
Crops     Sowing time Method of sowing Harvesting Time
21st Sept- end of Broadcast in standing Nov.----May
Berseem
Oct. water
Permanent yield from
Lucerne Mid Oct.- mid Nov. 45 cm apart in lines.
December for 3 years,
after every 45 day

KING OF QUEEN OF
FODDER FORAGE

Crops     CP LEAVES FLOWER protien Green fodder TDN Life CF

cycle
yield (t/ha)
Berseem 18- round white 18-20% 125-150 64.9% Annual 30.3%
24%

Lucerne 15- Almost Blue- 20-24% 110-125 65.8% Perinneal 29.6%

24% flat yellow