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COMPUTERS
What is a computer ?
A computer is an electronic
device capable of performing
arithmetic and logical
operations. It can also store a
large volume of information.
Examples :
All the electronic parts.
All cables.
All accessories.
Hardware :
The device, cassette, tape, wires etc.
Software :
The music stored in the tapes.
SECONDARY
STORAGE
CONTROL
UNIT
ARITHMETIC
& LOGIC UNIT CPU
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
DATA REPRESENTATION WITHIN A COMPUTER
CHARACTER :
Voltage is represented as 1
No voltage is represented as 0
1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
Such a pattern represents a
CHARACTER.
= 57
= 185 = 41
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
= 255 =0
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
BIT ASCII CODE CHARACTER
PATTERN
01000001 65 A
01100001 97 a
00110001 49 1
00101011 43 +
00100000 32
00101101 45 -
00011100 28 (
00101100 44 ,
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
UNIT FOR MEASUREMENT OF
INFORMATION
Input devices :
Pictures, images,
drawings etc. can
be scanned and
stored in the
computer.
TYPES OF PRINTERS :
• DOT MATRIX
• INK JET PRINTER
• LASER PRINTER
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
Operation of Ink Jet Printer :
LASER
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
DOT INK LASER
MATRIX JET
CD ROM
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
Hard drives are magnetic storage devices that
contain several discs inside called "Platters" that
are attached to a spindle motor. The number of
platters varies depending on the capacity of the
drive. Platters are coated with a film of
magnetically sensitive substance that is primarily
made of iron oxide. Another important ingredient is
a thin layer of cobalt alloy.
SO FTW ARE
SYSTEM A P P L IC A T IO N
O P E R A T IN G S Y S T E M TRANSLATO RS R E A D Y -M A D E C U S T O M IS E D
IN T E R P R E T E R C O M P IL E R
Microsoft
Disk Operating System
*?=+|:[];,/\<>“
A blank space can not be used in
the file name.
Capital & small letters are treated
as the same.
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
BIODATA.TXT VALID
SALARY.98 VALID
ACCOUNTS VALID
.COM INVALID
1 VALID
A.B VALID
MY FILE.DOC INVALID
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
WILD CARD :
The wild card allows us to deal with
more than one file at a time and helps
us to group the files.
A*.* ALASKA.DOC
ABC.123
Primary name – starting with A
Extension - anything A
*. SALARY
Primary name – anything BIODATA
Extension – nothing (must not be there)
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
123
SALARY.TXT
?A*.TXT DATA.TXT
Primary name – second character A
Extension - .TXT RANA.TXT
SALARY.DOC
*.?O? COMMAND.COM
Primary name – anything
Extension – second character O NOTES.SOS
MSDOS.SYS
Responsible for the DISK & FILE operations
COMMAND.COM
Acts as the command interpreter to translate the user instructions.
C:\>=
Current Cursor
drive
C:\> A: <ENTER>
CLS
This command clears the screen and
takes the prompt to the left-top
corner of the screen.
SYNTAX
COPY [SOURCE] [TARGET]
The source has to be a file name or wildcard specification.
It may or may not have a drive name. It it does not have a
drive name, the file(s) is collected from the default drive.
C:\>COPY *.TXT A:
Copies the files with extension .TXT from the default drive
( C: ) to A:
SYNTAX :
REN OLD-NAME NEW-NAME
TYPE BIODATA.TXT
This will display the contents of the file BIODATA.TXT
ROOT
MARKS LETTER
ROOT \
MARKS LETTER
\STUDENT\MARKS \TEXT\LETTER
MD \ACCOUNT
MD \TEXT
MD \OTHER
MD \STUDENT\MARKS
MD \TEXT\LETTER
DIRECTORY TO ANOTHER
STUDENT ACCOUNT TEXT OTHER
Command : CD
C:\>CD \STUDENT MARKS LETTER
C:\STUDENT>=
C:\STUDENT>CD MARKS
C:\STUDENT\MARKS>=
C:\STUDENT\MARKS>CD \OTHER
C:\OTHER>=
C:\OTHER>CD \
C:\>= Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur
COPYING FILES :
C:\>COPY \STUDENT\NOTES.TXT \TEXT
Copies the file NOTES.TXT from the sub-directory STUDENT to TEXT
FILE
SUB-DIRECTORIES
C:\>COPY \OTHER\*.*
Copies all the files from the sub-directory OTHER to root directory
C:\>COPY \TEXT\LETTER\*.* A:
Copies all files from the Srisub-directory LETTER
Vinayaka Computer Education, to the drive A
Doddaballapur
REMOVING SUB-DIRECTORIES ROOT
DEL \STUDENT\MARKS\*.*
RD \STUDENT\MARKS
DEL \STUDENT\*.*
RD \STUDENT
C:\> LABEL C:
Allows you to change the volume label of the Hard
disk.
C:\> SYS A:
Will transfer the system files to the floppy in drive
A: and make it bootable.
C:\> DISKCOPY A: B:
Will copy the contents of the floppy in drive A: to
the floppy in drive B:
C:\> SCANDISK C:
Thank you.
Sri Vinayaka Computer Education, Doddaballapur