US-PAKISTAN CENTER FOR ADVANCE STUDIES IN WATER

 

Water Treatment Plant for Jamshoro City

Papered By:
Muhammad Imran
Student MS- Environmental Engineering

MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY,

JAMSHORO
 Table of Content
•Introduction Treatment unit:
•Basic data required for the design of b. Chemical house
water treatment system c. Flash mixer
•Suggested place for Treatment Plant d. Clariflocculator
.
e. Rapid sand filter
•Suggested Units of Treatment Plant
f. Chlorination unit
•DESIGN OF UNITS Storage unit:
•Collection units a. Underground storage tank
a. Intake well b. Elevated storage
b. Gravity main •Water treatment lay out on WATPRO
c. Jack well •Quality comparison water before and
d. Rising main after treatment
e. Pump •CONCLUSION
Treatment unit:
f. Aeration unit
 INTRODUCTION:
• Water is a fundamental need of all living things.
• Sustainable development goal 6.1 (Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and
affordable drinking water for all.)
• This report contribute to fulfillment the sustainable development goal 6.1
• The report is design for water treatment plant for Jamshoro City.
• There is JPCL power plant and there are many commercial areas and universities are
present in this city so, treated water supply for domestic, commercial and industrial uses
are very essential.
 v es
ct i
O bje

To provide safe drinking water to the peoples of Jamshoro city.

Basic data of water treatment system

DESIGN PERIOD 30 Years

AVERAGE RATE OF WATER COSUMPTION 135 Litter per Capita per day

INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL DEMAND 0.8 million litters per day

AVERAGE DAILY DRAFT 18.2 million litters per day

MAXIMUM DAILY DRAFT 27.3 million litters per day

POPULATION Present Future

2020 2050
Incremental Increase
Pn = Po + (r + i) n 84000 128900
 Quality of raw water
Parameter Given Values Standard Values
• pH 7.85 6.5 – 8.5
• Turbidity (NTU) 62 <5
• Total dissolve solids (mg/L) 410 < 1000
• Total suspended solids (TSS) 47 50
• Total Hardness (mg/L) [as CaCO3] 140 200
• Dissolve Oxygen (DO) 6 15
• Chlorides (mg/L) 80 250
• Iron (mg/L) 1.5 0.3
• Manganese (mg/L) 0.25 0.5
• Carbonates (mg/L) 10 200
• Sulphate (mg/L) 130 400
• Nitrate (mg/L) 13 50
• Cadmium (mg/L) 0.16 0.003
• Copper (mg/L) 4.0 2
• Zinc (mg/L) 0.5 3
 Quality of raw water
Parameter Given Values Standard Values
• pH 7.85 6.5 – 8.5
• Turbidity (NTU) 62 <5
• Total dissolve solids (mg/L) 410 < 1000
• Total suspended solids (TSS) 47 50
• Total Hardness (mg/L) [as CaCO3] 140 200
• Dissolve Oxygen (DO) 6 15
• Chlorides (mg/L) 80 250
• Iron (mg/L) 1.5 0.3
• Manganese (mg/L) 0.25 0.5
• Carbonates (mg/L) 10 200
• Sulphate (mg/L) 130 400
• Nitrate (mg/L) 13 50
• Cadmium (mg/L) 0.16 0.003
• Copper (mg/L) 4.0 2
• Zinc (mg/L) 0.5 3
Suggested location for water treatment plant

Jamshoro City

nal
a
C
i
a ch
ar Proposed Location
K For Treatment plant
 Suggested Units of Treatment Plant
Due to previous analysis following units are required to be designed for water treatment plant.

1. Intake Structure : 2. Treatment unit:

a. Intake well a. Aeration unit
b. Gravity main b. Chemical house
c. Jack well c. Flash mixer
d. Rising main d. Clariflocculator
e. Pump e. Rapid sand filter
f. Chlorination unit

3. Storage unit:
a. Underground storage tank
b. Elevated storage
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intake well are used for collecting
water from the surface sources such as river, lake, and
reservoir and conveying it further to the water
treatment plant.

Number of Units

Design Criteria Proposed Value

1 to 3 01
(maximum 4)
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Diameter

Design Criteria Proposed Value

5 to 10 m
8m
(maximum 15
m)
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Depth

Design Criteria Proposed Value

4 to 10 m 4m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Velocity of flow

Design Criteria Proposed Value

0.6 to 0.9 m/s 0.7 m/s

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Detention Time

Design Criteria Proposed Value

5 to 10 min 10 min
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Number of pen stock

Design Criteria Proposed Value

2 for each unit 2

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Intake Well: Intakes consists of the opening,
strainer or grating through which the water enters,
and the conduct conveying the water, usually by
gravity to a well or sump. From the well, the water is
pumped to the mains or treatment plants.

Diameter of pen stock

Design Criteria Proposed Value

less than 1 m 0.55 m

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Gravity Main
The gravity main connects the intake well to the jack
well and water flows though it by gravity.

Number of gravity intake

Design Criteria Proposed Value

1 for each unit 01

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Gravity Main
The gravity main connects the intake well to the jack
well and water flows though it by gravity.

Diameter of gravity main

Design Criteria Proposed Value

0.3 to 1 m 0.8 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Gravity Main
The gravity main connects the intake well to the jack
well and water flows though it by gravity.

Velocity of water through gravity main

Design Criteria Proposed Value

0.6 to 0.9 m/ s 0.7 m/s

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Number of Jack Well

Design Criteria Proposed Value

1 for each unit 01

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Diameter of jack well

Design Criteria Proposed Value

< 20m. 8.8 m

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Suction head of jack well

Design Criteria Proposed Value

< 10m. 7m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Type of pump Used

Proposed Value

1-50 HP Pump
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Suction depth of jack well

Design Criteria Proposed Value

Depend upon 3.12 m

pump used
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump well
for the incoming water from the intake well from
where the water is pumped through the rising main to
the various treatment units.

Diameter of pump

Design Criteria Proposed Value

0.6 m 0.6 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump
well for the incoming water from the intake well
from where the water is pumped through the rising
main to the various treatment units.

Velocity of flow

Design Criteria Required Value

0.7 to 1.5 m/s 0.9 m/sec.

 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design of Jack Well and Pump Station
This structure serves as a collection of the sump
well for the incoming water from the intake well
from where the water is pumped through the rising
main to the various treatment units.

Diameter of rising main (pipe)

Design Criteria Proposed Value

< or = pump 0.6 m

diameter
 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Treatment Units
• The aim of water treatment is to produce and
maintain water that is hygienically safe,  Aeration unit
aesthetically attractive and palatable; in an  Alum dosage
economical manner.  Chemical house
 Flash mixer
• The method of treatment to be employed  Clariflocculator
depends on the characteristics of the raw water  Rapid sand filter
and the desired standards of water quality.  Chlorination unit

• Based on raw water characteristics following

treatment units and accessory units are
designed to meet the quality and quantity
requirement of the project:
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Design of Aeration Unit The three types of aerators are:
Aeration is necessary to promote the exchange
of gases between the water and the atmosphere.  Waterfall or multiple tray aerators.
In water treatment, aeration is practiced for  Cascade aerators.
three purposes:
 Diffused air aerators.
1. To add oxygen to water for imparting
freshness, e.g. water from underground
sources devoid of or deficient in oxygen.
2. Expulsion of C02, H2S and other volatile
substances causing taste and odour, e.g.
water from deeper layers of an impounding
reservoir.
3. To precipitate impurities like iron and
manganese, in certain forms, e.g. water
from some underground sources.
 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design Criteria For Cascade Aerators

Number of trays

Design Criteria Proposed Value 5

4
4 to 9 5
3
2
1
 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design Criteria For Cascade Aerators

Spacing of trays

Design Criteria Proposed Value

0.4

0.3 to 0.75 m 0.4 m

 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design Criteria For Cascade Aerators

Dia. of central rising main pipe

Proposed Value
0.4
1m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
• Design Criteria For Cascade Aerators

Sr. No. Cascade Diameter of tray (m) R.L. (m)

1 First 1 31.88
2 Second 2 31.48
3 Third 3 31.08
4 Fourth 4 30.68
5 Fifth 5 30.28
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Chemical House and Calculation of Chemical Dose:

The space for storing the chemicals required for the subsequent treatment of water consists of
determining space required for storing the most commonly used coagulant alum, lime,
chlorine, etc. for the minimum period of three months and generally for six months.

Alum Dose Alum Required

For one day For six months

666.58 kg 119984.40 kg
Monsoon Winter Summer
50 mg/L 20 mg/L 5 mg/L
 Area required
Number of
for six months
bags of 50 kg
Size of Chemical House = 10 x 8 x4 to store alum
alum = 2400
= 80
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Number of units required

Proposed Value

01
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Diameter

Proposed Value

1.6 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Detention Time

Design Criteria Proposed Value

30 to 60 sec 30 sec
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Speed of Impeller

Design Criteria Proposed Value

100 to 250 rpm 120 rpm

 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Height of Tank

Proposed Value

2.6 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Depth of Water

Proposed Value

2.37 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Power Required

Proposed Value

5.47 KW
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Number of Blade(0.5mx 0.5m)

Proposed Value

8
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Number of baffles

Proposed Value

4
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Mechanical Rapid Mix Unit
Rapid mixing is and operation by which the
coagulant is rapidly and uniformly dispersed
throughout the volume of water to create a
more or less homogeneous single or multiphase
system.

Diameter of inlet and outlet

Proposed Value

250 mm
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Number of units

Proposed Value

01
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Diameter of Flocculator tank

Proposed Value

10.2 m 10.2 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Overall depth of Flocculator

Proposed Value 3.5 m

3.5 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Detention Period

Proposed Value

30 min
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Diameter of inlet pipes

Proposed Value

450 mm
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

No. of paddles

Proposed Value

5
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Paddles rotation

Proposed Value

4 RPM
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Diameter of Clariflocculator

Proposed Value

23 m

23 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Overall depth of tank

Proposed Value
4.7 m
4.7 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Overall depth of water

Proposed Value

4.4 m 4.4 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Clariflocculator:
Clariflocculator is a combination of flocculation and clarification in a single tank. It has
two concentric tanks where inner tank serves as a flocculation basin and the outer tank
serves as a clarifier.

Slope of bottom

Proposed Value

8%

8%
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular matrix
supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Number of units

Proposed Value

2
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Dimension of unit

Proposed Value

8.6m x 6.8m
8.6 m

6.8 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular matrix
supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Surface area

Proposed Value

58.48 sq. m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Depth of sand bed

60 cm
Proposed Value

60 cm
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Depth of gravel

Proposed Value
50 cm

50 cm
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Dia. of manifold

Proposed Value

1m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Loading Rate

Proposed Value

5 m3/m2/hr
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Time required for backwash

Proposed Value

30min
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Duration of air wash

Proposed Value

3 min
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Rapid Sand Gravity Filter
The rapid sand filter comprises of a bed of sand serving as a single medium granular
matrix supported on gravel overlying an under drainage system.

Total quantity of air required per unit bed

Proposed Value

263. 16 m3
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Disinfection Unit
Disinfection should not only remove the existing bacteria from water but also ensure their
immediate killing even afterwards, in the distribution system. The chemical which is used as
a disinfectant must, therefore be able to give the "residual sterilizing effect" for a long period,
thus affording some protection against recontamination.

Chlorine required

Proposed Value

18.662 kg
DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Storage Tank 14 m
Distribution reservoirs also called service
reservoirs are the storage reservoirs which
store the treated water for supplying the
same during emergencies and also help in
absorbing the hourly fluctuations in water
demand. 14 m

Underground Storage Reservoir

Size of USR Tank

Proposed value

14 m x 14m x 4.5

4.5 m
 DESIGN OF UNITS
Design of Storage Tank
Distribution reservoirs also called service
reservoirs are the storage reservoirs which store
the treated water for supplying the same during
emergencies and also help in absorbing the
11.96 m
hourly fluctuations in water demand.
Elevated Service Reservoir (ESR)
4.3 m

Size of ESR Tank

Depth of tank Diameter of tank

4.3 m 11.96 m
Water treatment lay out on WATPRO
 Quality comparison water before and after treatment
Parameter Values before treatment Values after treatment
• pH 7.85 7.5
• Turbidity (NTU) 62 0.31
• Total suspended solids (TSS) 47 50
• Total Hardness (mg/L) [as CaCO3] 140 140
• Dissolve Oxygen (DO) 6 15
• Chlorides (mg/L) 80 80
• Iron (mg/L) 1.5 0.3
• Manganese (mg/L) 0.25 0.25
• Carbonates (mg/L) 10 10
• Sulphate (mg/L) 130 130
• Nitrate (mg/L) 13 30
• Cadmium (mg/L) 0.16 0.003
• Copper (mg/L) 4.0 2
• Zinc (mg/L) 0.5 3
CONCLUSION
• The designed project deals with the design of a conventional water treatment
plant having a perennial river as the source.
• The design has been done for a predicated population of 128900 expected after
30 (2020 to 2050) years.
• Although this project and its data is totally hypothetical, this exercise will help
us when we may come across some such design in future.
• The above treatment of the water makes it possible to safe guard the health of
the people.