Installing and Configuring

Dynamic DNS for

Windows® 2000
Vic Singh
Support Professional
Microsoft Platforms Support
Microsoft Corporation
Overview

 DNS Review
 Domain Namespace
 Zones
 DNS Files
 Resource Records

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DNS Review

 Original name resolution through

 HOSTS.TXT File
 Flat name space

 DNS Design Goals

 Hierarchical name space
 Distribution of data and administration
 Extensible data types
 Unlimited database size

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Domain Name Space
Managed by InterNIC

gov com mil org edu

whitehouse navy mit

uw

acme
microsoft

Microsoft® Domain -
rhino dev support Managed by Microsoft

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Zones

com mil
microsoft.com. org
domain

microsoft
microsoft.com.
zone
dev ftp

dev.microsoft.com.
zone

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DNS Files

 Zone Database Files

 Cache File
 Reverse Lookup Files
 Boot File
 DNS Manager can now be used with boot
file

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Resource Record Types

 RFC 1034 – SOA, A, NS, PTR, CNAME,

MX, HINFO
 RFC 1876 – LOC
 RFC 2052 – SRV
 RFC 2168 – NAPTR
 Microsoft-specific – WINS, WINS-R

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Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)

 DNS for Windows 2000 Server

 SRV resource records
 Naming specification
 Name resolution
 Installation & configuration
 Zone transfers (AXFR & IXFR)
 Services integration
 Dynamic update

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Domain Controller (SRV) Records
Query to local name
server for
ldap.tcp.nt.microsoft Local
.com. Name
Server
DNS Client

Finding a domain Domain

Controller
controller
 SRV records
 The MS-DCS domain
name
 Locating specific
servers
 A records
 CNAME records 9
Windows 2000 DNS Naming Specifications

 Naming Standards
 RFC 1123 standards
 Unicode – support for non-ASCII character
sets
 Domain Names
 Primary DNS domain
 Possible to have one domain name per
adapter
 Host Names
 May have multiple FQDNs
 Same as NetBIOS name

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Client Name Resolution

 Multiple Fully Qualified Domain Names

 Primary DNS domain name
 Adapter DNS domain name
 Four different names possible in a query
 Null
 Fully qualified
 Unqualified single-label
 Unqualified multi-label
 Client caches query results

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Name Resolution Queries
Root
Name
2 Server
3

4
gov
5 Name
Server gov
Recursive
Query 8 7 6

1 whitehouse.gov
Iterative whitehouse
Queries Name Server

www

DNS Client
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Installing Microsoft Windows 2000 DNS Service

 Installation Process
 \%systemroot%\system32\DNS directory
created for Zone file storage
 \HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\DNS
registry key added
 DNS Manager – now MMC Snap-in
 Root Server creates default in-addr
zones
 0.in-addr.arpa
 127.in.addr.arpa
 255.in-addr.arpa
 Cached lookups can be displayed
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Customizing Microsoft Windows 2000 DNS Service

 Interfaces
 Advanced
 Disable Recursion
 Bind Secondaries
 Fail On Load If Bad Zone Data
 Enable Round Robin
 Enable Netmask Ordering
 Name Checking
 Boot Method
 Statistics, Logging, and Monitoring
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Setting Up Zones and Domains

 Configuring reverse lookup zones

 Configuring forward lookup zones
 Adding subdomains to the zone
 Adding host records to the zone

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Zone Transfers

 Full Zone Transfers

 Copy entire zone to secondary server
 Incremental Zone Transfers
 Copy only changes to secondary server
based upon cached history
 Must be supported at master and
secondary servers
 DNS Notify

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Dynamic DNS
Local
Name
Server
Dynamic
UPDATE
request

DNS Dynamic
Update Client Source: 157.57.64.198
Destination: 157.57.70.10

UPDATE:
hostb.nt.microsoft.com. IN A
157.57.64.198

PREREQUISITES:
Name is not in use:
hostb.nt.microsoft.com.
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Secure Dynamic DNS Updates
 Zones may be configured to use
Secure Updates.
 Allows specified computers, users,
and groups to add or modify zone
entries.
 Secure Updates must be enabled in
the Active Directory™.
 Modify specific containers as needed:
 DnsZone Container
 DnsDomain Container

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Services Integration with Dynamic DNS

WINS
Service

DNS
Service
DHCP
Service

Active Directory
Service

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WINS Integration
Windows 2000 DNS
Server
2
WINS
DNS Name Query: Database

srv1.corp.com.
3
5 4
1

NetBIOS
Name
Query:
srv1<00>

DNS Client WINS Server

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DHCP Integration
 FQDN Option (DHCP Option 81).
 Clients can register A and have DHCP
register PTR.
 DHCP registers both A and PTR record.
 Client can request to register A, but DHCP
overrides request and registers both A and
PTR records.
 Microsoft clients will register A and have
DHCP register PTR.
 DHCP is configurable to “clean up” A
and PTR records upon lease expiration.
 DHCP is configurable to register A and
PTR for legacy clients.
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Active Directory Service Integration
 Benefits
 Single name space and replication
topology
 Multi-master replication
 DNS Storage in the ADS
 System container at the root of the NT
domain
 Administrator access by default
 Security
 DNS Server Operations and the Active
Directory
 Primary, master, and secondary servers
 Client registrations
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Review
 DNS review
 Domain controller records
 Naming specifications
 Client name resolution
 Installation
 Zone transfers
 Dynamic DNS
 Services integration

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