2.

2 Synthesising alkenes
( Part 2)
 COMBUSTION
REACTION
Complete combustion
Alkenes + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide + water
e.g:

C2H4 + 3O2 2CO2 + 2 H2O

Incomplete combustion???
 ADDITION REACTIONS
( unsaturated saturated)
• A molecule is added to the two carbon
atoms of a double bond.
• One of the bonds that is part of the double
bond between the carbon atoms is broken.
• The pair of electrons that forms this bond is
then shared with the molecule that is added.
• The product is a saturated compound.
ADDITION REACTIONS

C = C + A B C C

A B
 (I)(I)
Addition Of Hydrogen
Addition of hydrogen
(Hydrogenation)
• Occur at 180 °C with Ni/ Pt
• alkenes + hydrogen gas alkanes
• e.g:
H H H H

C= C + H H H C C H
H H H H
 (II) Addition Of Halogens
(Halogenation)
• Occur at room temperature
• Alkenes + Halogens Haloalkanes
• e.g: H H
H H

C = C + Br Br H C C H
H
H Br Br
 (III) Addition Of Hydrogen
halides

• Alkenes + Hydrogen halides Haloalkanes

• E.g:
H H H H

C= C + H Br H C C H
H H
H Br
 (IV) Addition Of Water
• Occur at 300 °C , 60 atm, H3PO4
• Alkenes + Water (g) Alcohol
e.g
H H H H

C= C + H OH H C C H
H H
H OH
 (V) Addition Of Acidified
Potassium Manganate (VII)
(Oxidation)
• Alkenes + Acidified Potassium `Diol’
Manganate(VII) compound
e.g
H H H H

C = C + H2O + [O] H C C H
H H
OH OH
ethan-1,2-diol
ethan-1,2-diol
 POLYMERISATION
• Monomers Polymer
• E.g Ethenes Polythene

H H H H H H H H
C = C + C = C+….. ~C C C C~
H H H H H H H H
POLYMERISATION
• The polymerisation of ethene is carried out
by heating ethene to 100-300 ˚C and a
pressure of 1200 atm.
• In general,

H H H H
n C= C ~ C C ~

H H H H n
*( n is any number between 50 to 20,000 )
 Things made of
Polyethene

Polyethene
molecular structure
 ADDITION REACTION
Reaction between ethene and bromine gas

H
Br
H
C C
H
Br
H
H
Br
H
C C
H
H

Br
H

H
C C
Br
H
H

Br
H

H
C C
Br
H
H

Br
H

H
C C
Br
H
H

Br
 H

H
C C
H

Br
H
Br
 H

H
C C
H

H
Br
Br
 H

H
C C
H

H
Br
Br
 H H

C C

H
H

Br Br
1,2-dibromoethane is used as a substance in
pesticide
 THE END

Don’t forget to
complete Malindo
module…….bye.
Teacher sue.