19ME203T

ENGINEERING
THERMODYNAMICS

Professional Core Course (PCC)
Credits: 4
Course Instructor: M. Deepak Kumar

07/07/2020
 I law of Thermodynamics


 The net work transfer in a thermodynamic cycle
is equal to the net heat transfer in the cycle.

In a cyclic process,
ΣW=ΣQ
 PMM – I
 Perpetual Motion Machine – I (PMM – I) is any cyclic

device that receives no energy from any source, but
delivers either heat or work or both to the surroundings.

 Any device that violates I law of thermodynamics is

called PMM – I .
 Limitations of I law


 It cannot predict the direction of energy transfer in a
process.

 It cannot predict the possibility of the process.

Unit 2


Thermal Reservoir


 Thermal Reservoir
 A thermal reservoir is defined as a body of

infinite heat capacity, which is capable of
receiving or supplying any quantity of heat at
constant temperature.

 Thermal reservoir that supplies heat is called as

source. Example: Sun, Boiler, Combustion
chamber

Thermal reservoir that supplies heat is called as

sink. Example: Ocean, Condenser, Atmosphere
 Grades of Energy
 High grade energy


Electrical
Chemical

 Mechanical

 Low grade energy

 Thermal
Heat Engine


Heat Engine


Refrigerator


Refrigerator


 One tonne of Refrigeration
 The rate of heat required to convert 1 tonne of ice at

0oC to water at 0oC in 1 day at standard atmospheric
pressure is known as “one tonne of refrigeration”

1 TR = 3.5 kJ/s
Heat Pump


Heat Pump


Relation between COP


 II law of Thermodynamics
Kelvin Planck statement

It states that it is impossible to construct a cyclic
device to receive heat from a single reservoir and produce
equivalent amount of work.

Clausius statement
It states that it is impossible to construct a cyclic
device to transfer heat from a low temperature body to a
high temperature body without any external work
supplied.
 Problem 1
 A heat engine receives 1000 kJ of heat and produces
600 kJ of work. Calculate the amount of heat rejected

and efficiency of the engine.

 Given Data
Q1 = 1000 kJ W = 600 kJ
 Problem 1

 Solution
W = Q 1 – Q2 
Q2 = Q1 – W
Q2 = 1000 – 600
Q2 = 400 Kj

դ HE = W/Q1
= 600/1000
դ HE = 60 %
 Problem 2
  A heat engine receives heat at the rate of 1500 kJ/min
and gives an output of 8.2 kW. Determine (i) thermal

efficiency (ii) rate of heat rejection.

 Given Data
Q1 = 1500 kJ/min
Q1 = kJ/s
Q1 = 25 kW
W = 8.2 kW
Problem 2


 Problem 3
 It is proposed to employ a heat pump to warm up
home in Srinagar during winter. The heat pump can
extract heat from the surrounding cold soil at the rate

of 100 kW while consuming 10 kW of mechanical
energy. Calculate the heat delivered to the home and
the COP of heat pump.

 Given Data
Q2 = 100 kW W = 10 kW
Problem 3


 Problem 4
 A refrigerator in Rajasthan is found to consume
1.33 kW electric power and to reject 5 kW of heat to

the surrounding. What is the cooling rate of the
refrigerator and its COP?

 Given Data
W = 1.33 kW Q1 = 5 kW
Problem 4