Macro and Micro

Linguistics

Semantics
Presented by: Fatima Kainat
Ariba Rabani
Uswa Aslam
Momna Khan
Presented to: Miss Bushra
 Kinds of linguistics
Macro Linguistics Micro Lingustics

Macro linguistics tends to Microlinguistics is

focus on language as concerned with smaller,
broader, larger concepts. more specific elements of
language
 Slide Title

Macro Micro
• Psycholinguistics • Phonetics
• Sociolinguistics • Phonology
• Neurolinguistics • Morphology
• Discourse Analysis
• Syntax
• Computational Linguistics
•
• Semantics
Applied Linguistics
• Pragmatics
 For Example
 There, they're, and their all sound the same but
have small changes in the way they are spelled.
 Microlinguistics also looks at:
 the way words sound (phonetics),
 the organization of those sounds (phonology),
 how words are formed...
 Micro linguistics
Phonetics:
Phonetics is the scientific
study of speech sounds. It
studies how speech
sounds are articulated,
transmitted, and received.
 Phonology
• Phonology is the study of
how speech sounds function
in a language.
• It studies the ways speech
sounds are organized.
 Example
• The difference in meaning between
"seed" and "deed" lies in the fact that the initial
sound of the first word is s [s] and the initial sound
of the second word is d [d]. The forms of the two
words are identical except for the initial
consonants. What makes the two words different
in meaning is the consonants [s] and [d]. Thus,
these are called distinctive sounds, or phonemes in
English.
 Morphology
• Morphology is the study of
the formation of words. It is a
branch of linguistics which
breaks words into
morphemes. It can be
considered as the grammar of
words as syntax is the
grammar of sentences.
 Syntax
• Syntax deals with the
combination of words into
phrases, clauses and sentences.
It is the grammar of sentence
construction
 Semantics
• Semantics is a branch
of linguistics which is
concerned with the
study of meaning in all
its formal aspects.
Words have several
types of meaning.
 Pragmatics
• Pragmatics can be
defined as the study of
language in use in
context.
 Macro linguistics

Psycholinguistics:
Psycholinguistics is the study of
language and mind: the mental
structures and processes
which are involved in the
acquisition, comprehension
and production of language.
 Sociolinguistics:
Sociolinguistics
studies the relations
between language and
society: how social
factors influence the
structure and use of
language.
 Neurolinguistics
• Neurolinguistics is the study of
language processing and
language representation in the
brain.
• It typically studies the
disturbances of language
comprehension and production
caused by the damage of certain
areas of the brain.
 Discourse Analysis
• Discourse analysis is
the study of the
relationship between
language and the
contexts in which
language is used.
• Text in written form.
 Computational linguistics
• Computational
linguistics is an
approach to linguistics
which employs
mathematical
techniques, often with
the help of a computer.
 Applied linguistics
• Applied linguistics is
primarily concerned with
the application of
linguistic theories,
methods and findings to
the elucidation of language
problems which have
arisen in other areas of
experience
THANK YOU
