STEAM TEMPERATURE/SUPER

HEATER CONTOL
• HEATING OF STEAM FURTHER FROM SATURATION
TEMPERATURE IS CALLED SUPER HEATING.
• SUPER HEATERS ARE BUNDLES OF TUBES PLACED
IN THE PATH OF COMBUSTION GASES WHERE
HIGHER TEMPERATURE IS EXPECTED.
• SATURATED STEAM FROM THE BOILERS ARE
PASSED THROUGH SUPER HEATERS WHERE THE
ENERGY FROM COMBUSTION GASES IS ADDED TO
IT TO GENERATE SUPER HEATED STEAM.
 OBJECTIVES

• ECONOMY OF CONVERSION OF HEAT

ENERGY INTO MECHANICAL ENERGY IN THE
TURBINE.
• CONSTANT TEMPERATURE OPERATION
HELPS TO MINIMIZE THE UN EQUAL
EXPANSION OR CONTRACTION OF
MECHANICAL PARTS.
• WATER SIDE CONTROL STRATEGIES.
 SPRAYING COLD WATER USING DESUPER
HEATERS.
 BY DIVERTING PART OF THE STEAM AWAY
FROM SUPER HEATER SECTION AND COOLING
IT WITH THE HELP OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT
EXCHANGER –ATTEMPERATOR
 BY DIVERTING PART OF THE FEED WATER
THROUGH ATTEMPERATOR FOR CONDENSING
PARTIALLY THE SATURATED BOILER STEAM.
• FIRE SIDE CONTROL STRATEGIES.
 EXCESS AIR CONTROL
 FLUE GAS BYPASS CONTROL
 ADJUSTABLE BURNER
CONTROL/BURNER TILT CONTROL
 DESUPERHEATER-SPRAYING COLD
WATER
• SEPARATE LINE IS DRAWN FROM THE MAIN
FEED WATER PIPE BEFORE IT ENTERS
ECONOMISER(INJECTION WATER)
• INJECTED WATER JOINS THE MAIN STEAM
FLOW AND EVAPORATES.
• BY ABSORBING THE HEAT OF STEAM IT
COOLS THE STEAM.
• BY VARRYING THE AMOUNT OF INJECTION
WATER, THE STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL
IS MADE POSSIBLE.
 ATTEMPERATOR-DIVERTING PART
OF THE STEAM
• PART OF THE STEAM IS DIVERTED WITH THE
HELP OF DIVIDING PLATE WITH ORIFICE AND
A CONTOL VALVE IN THE DIVERTED LINE.
• THE DIVERTED STEAM IS PASSED THROUGH
A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
BEFORE MIXING UP WITH THE MAIN STEAM.
• THE DIVERTED STEAM FLOW IS THE
MANIPULATED VARIABLE.
 ATTEMPERATOR-DIVERTING PART
OF THE FEED WATER
• PART OF THE FEED WATER IS DIVERTED TO
AN ATTEMPERATOR TO REMOVE VARIABLE
AMOUNT LATENT HEAT AND CONTROL THE
FINAL STEAM TEMPERATURE.
• THE OUTLET FEED WATER FROM THE
ATTEMPERATOR IS JOINED TO THE MAIN
FEED WATER COMING OUT OF ECONOMIZER ,
BEFORE ENTERING THE BOILER DRUM.
 SINGLE STAGE STEAM
TEMPERATURE CONTROL
• SIMPLE FEED BACK CONTROLLER
• FINAL TEMPERATURE AFTER THE
DESUPERHEATER IS THE CONTROLLED
VARIABLE.
• INJECTION SPRAY WATER FLOW IS THE
MANIPULATED VARIABLE.
TWO-STAGE STEAM TEMPERATURE
CONTROL
SUPER HEATER CONTROL IN LARGE
SIZE BOILERS.
• TOTAL SATURATED STEAM IS DIVIDED INTO
TWO SREAMS AND CONTROLLED WITH TWO
STAGE CONTROLLERS IN EACH STREAM AND
ADDED TOGETHER AT THE END.
CASCADE STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL WITH
FEED FORWARD CORRECTION WITH STEAM FLOW

• SLAVE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLER IS

PLACED RIGHT AFTER THE SUPER HEATER
WHILE THE CASCADE IS LOCATED AT THE
STEAM OUTLET.
• THE FEED FORWARD CORRECTION IS BASED
ON THE STEAM FLOW AND THE RELATION
BETWEEN LOAD AND UNCONTROLLED
TEMPERATURE IS PREDICTED BY THE
FUNCTION UNIT FY.
 FEED FORWARD PLUS FEEDBACK CONTROL WITH
TOTAL COMBUSTION AIR FLOW RATE AS FEED
FORWARD SIGNAL

• AIR FLOW SIGNAL IS USED AS A FEED FORWARD

SIGNAL.IT IS COMBINED WITH THE OUTPUT OF
THE STEAM TEMPERATURE FEEDBACK
CONTROLLER.THE OUTPUT OF THE SUMMER
PROVIDES A SIGNAL FOR THE SPRAY WATER
FLOW CONTROL VALVE.
• OVERRIDE PROVIDES A MINIMUM OUTPUT
VALVE TRACKING SIGNAL FOR THE FEEDBACK
CONTROL (FOR Eg. WHEN THE BOILER LOAD IS
BELOW THAT OF STEAM TEMPERATURE
CONTROL RANGE.)
FIRE SIDE TEMPERATURE CONTROL

• EXCESS AIR CONTROL

RAISING OR LOWERING OF THE
PERCENTAGE OF EXCESS AIR IN ORDER TO
CONTROL THE STEAM TEMPERATURE.
FLUE GAS BYPASS CONTROL(SUPER
HEATER BYPASS DAMPER)
• THE FLOW OF FLUE GAS PASSING
THROUGH THE SUPER HEATER CAN BE
SPLIT SO THAT THE MASS OF FLUE GAS
IN CONTACT WITH SUPERHEATER CN
BE VARRIED.
 ADJUSTABLE BURNER OR BURNER
TILTING CONTROL
• THE BURNERS MOUNTED IN THE
FURNACE CORNERS ARE ARRANGED
SO THAT THE FLAME CAN BE TILTED UP
OR DOWN.
• IN THIS WAY, THE TEMPERATURE OF
THE FLUE GAS ENTERING THE
SUPERHEATER CAN BE CHANGED.
STEAM TEMPERATURE CONTROL-
COMBINATION