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INFLUENCE
INDIVIDUAL
DIFFERENCES IN A
MAN
Environment
Genetic -family background
-mental -peer group
-physical -school and teacher
-emotion -individual parenting
-culture
m Mental ʹ level of intelligence
m Physical ʹ color of hair, eyes, skin, height and
so on
m Emotion ʹ temperament or patience during
difficulties
m The small particles in the nucleus of the cell(called
chromosomes) which contain the genes are
responsible for traits or characteristics we inherit
m Chromosomes exist in pairs in all the cells of the body.
m The human cell has 46 chromosomes arranged in 23
pairs.
m The two most important chemicals which are involved
in genetic transmission are ͞DNA͟ or deoxyribonucleic
acid and ͞RNA͟ or ribonucleic acid.
m These two complex chemical acids work together. The
DNA determines physical characteristics, such as eye
colour, brain character eristics, baldness, and many
other things.
Genes: Our biological blueprint
m Every cell in your body carries the master code in your
46 chromosomes of a coiled chain of the molecule DNA.
Small segments of the giant DNA molecules are genes
(30,000 strong)
Chromosomes- threadlike structures made of DNA molecules
that contain the genes
DNA (deoxyribuncleic acid)- a complex molecule containing the
genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. (A DNA
molecule has 2 strands- forming a ͞double helix͟= held
together by bonds between pairs of nucleotides.)
Genes- the biochemical units of heredity that make up the
chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a
protein
Èehavior Geneticists
m Èehavior Genetics- the study of the relative power
and limits of genetic and environmental influences
on behavior
m Environment- every non-genetic influence, from
prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
m Opposed to à
who ÷
÷
÷
÷
÷ O
÷
÷
Twin Studies
m Identical twins- twins who
develop from a single
fertilized egg that splits in 2,
creating 2 àà
à
organisms.
m Fraternal twins- twins who
develop from separate eggs.
They are genetically no closer
than brothers and sisters, but
they share a fetal
environment
Adoption Studies
m Creates 2 types of relatives
Genetic relatives (biological parents and siblings)
Environmental relatives (adoptive parents and
siblings)
m Are adopted children more like their biological
parents or more like their adoptive parents?
Adoptive Nurturing