MOTION

MOTION
-The action or process
of moving or being
moved
-‘‘movement ‘’
 Background
Sir Isaac Newton (1643-
1727) an English
scientist and
mathematician famous
for his discovery of the
law of gravity also
discovered the
three laws of motion
Newton’s Laws of Motion
ad d
to
not
es
 Newton’s First Law
An object at rest remains at rest and
an object in motion remains in motion
with the same speed and direction.
aka – The Law of Inertia
Inertia is the tendency of an object
to resist a change in its motion. A
soccerball will remain resting on the
grass until a force acts on it
(a kick).
 Once it is kicked, the soccer ball’s inertia
will keep it going because the ball
RESISTS changing its motion.

If the ball doesn’t hit

anything, the forces
of gravity and friction
will eventually stop the
ball.

On Earth, gravity and friction are

unbalanced forces that often change an
object’s motion.
•Inertia explains many
common events, such
as why you move
forward in your seat
when a car stops
suddenly.

•When the car stops,

inertia keeps you
moving forward.

•A force, such as the

pull of a seat belt, is
required to change
your motion.
 Things tend to keep on doing whatever they’re
doing until something else acts on them. Objects
with a lot of mass have a lot of inertia.
It’s hard to change the motion of objects
with lots of inertia…
…But easy to
change the motion
of objects with
little inertia.
 The Second Law of Motion

aka The Law of

Acceleration
•How is the acceleration related to the
wagon’s mass?
•According to Newton’s second law of
motion, acceleration depends on the
object’s mass and on the net force
acting on the object.
•This relationship can be written as an
equation:
Acceleration = Net Force (N)/
Mass
 Newton’s Second Law
An unbalanced force causes an object to
accelerate. The acceleration of the object
is equal to the net force acting on it
divided by the object’s mass.
 F=mxa FORMULA

F a=F/m
m= F / a
m a
F = N or kg . m/ s 2

m = kg
UNITS
a = m/s2
 Let’s look at 2 real-world problems
1. Why should you leave 1. What kind of curves –
more distance between sharp ones or gradual
your car and a ones – will wear out
motorcycle while your tires faster?
driving on the road?

Why should you be doubly worried when

an 18-wheeler is riding your butt?
 Newton’s Second Law
When a pitcher throws a baseball, the harder he
throws, the more the ball accelerates. The mass
of the ball stays the same, but the force
increases.
What is Acceleration? The speeding up, slowing
down, or change in direction of an object.
Acceleration is affected by the forces applied
to objects as well as the mass of the objects in
question.

Acceleration = Force / Mass

(If you double the mass of an object
you cut the acceleration in half)

Objects with lots of inertia have a

large mass and objects with little
inertia have a smaller mass
•Look at the pictures
on the right.
•Which vehicle do
you think would
require a greater
force to push?
•Why do you think
this?
•Using the equation,
solve for the amount
of force.
 Practice Problem #1
• What is the net force on a 1,000
kg object accelerating at 3
m/s2?
Given : m = 1000kg a= 3 m/s2 f= ?
Formula: F=m x a
Solution: F= 1000 kg x 3 m/s2
Answer: 3000 kg . m/s2 or 3000 N
 Practice Problem #2
What net force is needed to
accelerate a 25 kg cart at 14 m/s2?
Given : m = 25kg a= 14 m/s2 f= ?
Formula: F=m x a
Solution: F= 25 kg x 14 m/s2
Answer: 350 kg . m/s2 or 3000 N
 Try these!

An object accelerates 8.2 m/s2

when a force of 20.1 N is
applied to it? What is the mass
of the object?
 Try these!

An object with a mass of 3.0 kg

has a force of 9.0 kg . m/s2
applied to it. What is the
resulting acceleration of
the object?
 Newton’s Third Law
Whenever one object exerts a force on a
second object, the second object
exerts an equal and opposite force on
the first object. These are known
as:
Action/Reaction Forces.
aka The Law of
Interaction
 • In a similar
way, a
kayaker
moves
forwar
d by
exertin
g an
action
force
•on the
Action-reaction pairs waterwater
The with a
explain how a gymnast pushes
paddle.back
on the
can flip over a vaulting paddle with
horse, how a kayaker can an equal
move through the reaction
water, and how a dog force that
propels the
can leap off the ground. kayak
forward.
Other Action/Reaction
Forces Examples
EXAMPLES