Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Effective Permeability
and
Relative Permeability
Review: Absolute Permeability
• Absolute permeability: is the permeability of a
porous medium saturated with a single fluid
(e.g. Sw=1)
L = flow length
Modified from NExT, 1999; Amyx, Bass, and Whiting, 1960; PETE 311 NOTES
Relative Permeability
Relative Permeability is the ratio of the effective permeability of a
fluid at a given saturation to some base permeability
• Base permeability is typically defined as:
– absolute permeability, k
– because definition of base permeability varies, the definition used must always be:
• noted along with tables and figures presenting relative permeability data
k g ( 0.5, 0.3)
• Gas k rg ( 0.5, 0.3) =
k
Modified from Amyx, Bass, and Whiting, 1960
Relative Permeability Functions
Imbibition Relative Permeability
(Water Wet Case)
1.00 kro @ Swi • Wettability and direction of
Relative Permeability (fraction)
Residual Oil
Saturation
Two-Phase Flow •imbibition
0.60 Region
• Base used to normalize this
Irreducible
Saturation
0.6 0.6
0.2 0.2
Water
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100
Water Saturation (% PV) Water Saturation (% PV)
• Fluid saturations
• Geometry of the pore spaces and pore
size distribution
• Wettability
• Fluid saturation history (i.e., imbibition
or drainage)
• Reservoir simulation
• Flow calculations that involve
multi-phase flow in reservoirs
• Estimation of residual oil (and/or
gas) saturation