PARK

- An enclosed vast area of land with different types of garden and natural elements
developed in or near city or town mainly for the recreation of large population is called
park.
- Park means an area of land with designed and planned planting of trees, shrubs, herbs
and usually laid out with walkways, playgrounds and courts for sitting out and recreation
purpose.
- In city there may be parks of several sizes from very large to medium size and also small
gardens are generally found at street intersections.
- The small gardens are planted with a view to relieving the eyes of the people passing by
or for a short resting period for those who want to use them.
- These gardens may be planted with a patch of grass, few flower beds, one or two shade
or flowering trees or a group of shrubs and trees.
- The medium to large parks are meant for a place of recreation and these are considered
as lungs of the cities, these are the places of beauty as well as utility.
- The small city park may be an area anything between 5 and 100 hectares or little more.
- The rural parks are really very large varying from 200 to 1000 hectares.
- Large wild park may be in an area of thousands of hectares.
Types of park
I. Formal park
- A formal park is laid out in a symmetrical or a geometrical pattern.
- In this the design is stiff as everything is done in a straight and narrow way.
- Everything is planted in straight lines. If there is a plant on the left side of a street or
road, a similar plant must be planted at opposite location on the right hand side.
 - The flower beds, borders and shrubberies are arranged in geometrically designed beds.
- The formal hedges and topiary are the typical features of a formal park.
II. Informal park
- In an informal park, the whole design looks informal as the plants and other features
arranged in a natural way without following any hard and fast rule.
- But here also the work has to proceed according to a set and well-thought-out plan,
otherwise the creation will not be artistic and attractive.
- The idea behind this design is to imitate nature.
III. Wild park
- The concept of this park is not only against the formalities but it also break the rule of
landscape styles.
- The main idea is to naturalize plants in shrubberies.
- Grass will remain unsowed as in nature and few bulbous plants should be grown
scattered in the grass to imitate a wild scenery.
- Passages are to be opened in the woodland and the creepers are allowed to grow over
the trees naturally imitating those of the forests.
- In another way parks may be of the following types :-
i. State and national park
ii. Wild park
iii. Zoological park
iv. Botanical park
v. Formal park
vi. Informal park
Purpose of establishing a park
a. Place for recreation
b. To break monotony of daily routine work
c. To walk in open place
d. To take rest after a days hard work
e. To get peace of mind
f. To remove tension of mind
g. It is an element for beauty of a town/city
h. To enjoy natural beauty
i. To spend leisure time with the family members/friends
j. To enjoy the beauty of flora and fauna
k. Place for creativity
l. Natural balance
m. Place for games and cultural functions.
Elements of a park
a. Boundary wall k. Topiary u. Bog garden
b. Paths and drives l. Lake with boat v. Conservatory
c. Lawn m. Restaurant/canteen w. Instrument for
d. Arches and pergolas n. Hanging bridge children game

e. Water garden o. Praying place x. Aquarium

f. Rock garden p. Guide house y. Small zoo
g. Water fall, and fountain and stream q. Umbrella and sitting bench
h. Beds of seasonal flower r. Office
i. Shrubberies s. Woodland
j. Steps and stepping stones t. Hedge and edge