Welcome to

Advanced Electrical Safety!

INSTITUTE OF INTEGRATED ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS OF THE PHILIPPINES, INC.

ILOILO CHAPTER
 Welcome to
Advanced Electrical Safety!

This training will not qualify

you to work on electrical
systems. Refer to your
tool/equipment-specific
training requirements for
detailed job-specific training.

1-1
 Course Goal

This course prepares

employees, who have the
potential for exposure to
energized electrical
systems, to understand
regulatory codes and
Company safety
requirements for energized
electrical work (EEW).

1-2
 What is energized electrical work (EEW)?

EEW is defined as any work

requiring performance of
duties:
 On or near exposed, DANGER
energized systems with
magnitude of 50 volts or
greater to ground.
 On 240 volt-amps or greater
(this includes powered
systems less than 15 volts).

1-3
 What is the policy for electrical work?

The policy is to work on

equipment in a de-energized
state in order to:

 Minimize hazardous electrical

exposures to personnel.
 Ensure compliance with
regulatory requirements
applicable to electrical
systems.

1-4
 Why are we so concerned with EEW?

 The body, composed mostly of water, is a

conductor of electricity, so current travels
easily.
 Current travels the path of least resistance
to complete its circuit to ground or earth.
 This path could be through upper limbs or
between upper and lower limbs if you were
to become part of the current path.
 It is the magnitude and path of the current
that determines the intensity of the hazard
effects.
 Electrical arc flash can cause
instantaneous third degree burns.

1-5
 Degree of Injury Depends on:

 The amount of current or

amperage passing through the
body.
 The current path through the
body.
 The frequency of the current (ac
or dc).
 The duration of the current flow.
 The intensity of the arc/flash.

1-6
 How does current affect the body?

 At .4 mA: No sensation.
 At 1.1 mA: A slight tingling
sensation.
 At 1.8 mA: Shock.
 At 16 mA: Painful shock.
Loss of muscle control can
cause victim to lock on to the
source. (Let go threshold)
 Above 23 mA: Severe injuries
and possible death.

1-7
 Electrical Arc Flash
 Affects personnel working on Electrical Distribution
Equipment such as (but not limited to) Panel Boards,
Switchboards, Distributions Boards, Motor Control
Centers and Industrial Control Centers that are likely to
require examination, adjustment, servicing, or
maintenance while energized.
 Occurs when a substantial amount of current flows
through what previously had been air due to power
surges, faults, etc.
 Air is converted to plasma allowing the current to flow
from point to point generating heat and light.
 Temperatures at terminal points can reach 50,000 Kelvin
(89,540 F).
 Temperatures in the Arc/Flash Zone can reach 20,000
Kelvin (35,540 F).
 These temperatures can ignite clothing and cause fatal
burns up to 8 feet away from the source.
1-8
 Electrical Arc Flash (cont.)

 The intensity of the Arc/Flash is dependent upon the

Available Fault Current present at the source of the Arc.
 Approach Boundaries:
 To avoid the
complicated
calculations
required in NFPA
70E, Company has
fixed the minimum
Flash Protection
Boundary at 4 feet.

1-9
 Other Current Flow Hazards

 Degradation of fixtures and materials can result

in increased resistance (forming hot surfaces).
 Mechanical damage.
 Improper assembly.
 Contaminants/debris.
 Conduction heating due to leakage and shorts.
 Flammable/combustible surfaces near “hot”
parts may ignite or become damaged over time.

1-10
 Low Voltage with High Current
 Low potential for electrocution.
 High potential for burns from hot surfaces; burn injuries.
 Employees are more familiar and less cautious with lower voltages:
 Battery: 12 volt (50+ DC amps).
 Household: 110 volts (10-20 AC amps).
 In some Sort & Lab applications: 5 VDC (1200 DC amps).
 Dry skin is more resistant to lower voltages, giving a sense of
confidence.
 Dry skin: 500,000 ohms.
 Wet skin: 1000 ohms.
 Internal resistance: 100-500 ohms.
 Excessive heating of nearby components that could cause burns.
 More likely to sustain a short circuit for longer periods of time.
1-11
 Severe Electrical Injuries

Two types of injuries:

 Primary injuries--physical
damage directly to the body
from the electrical current and
arc/flash (1st- 3rd degree burns).
 Secondary injuries--physical
damage to the body resulting
from accidents caused by the
shock (head injuries from a fall).

1-12
 Primary Injuries

Burns:
 Can vary in degree from minor surface
blisters to 2nd and 3rd degree burns.
 High voltage electrical burns can cause
such extensive injury that amputation may
become necessary.
 Types of burns include electrical, thermal,
and arc/flash burns.
 High current use often causes extremely
hot surfaces.

1-13
 Primary Injuries cont.

Painful or Deadly Shock:

 Can cause paralysis of the respiratory
muscles and the employee may stop
breathing. Second and third degree burns
will occur.
 The heat from high current will also cause
hemorrhages and destruction of tissue,
nerves, and muscle throughout the body.
 If the current passes through the heart, it
may interfere with its normal rhythm,
causing ventricular fibrillation.

1-14
Possibility of Successful Revival Versus
Time Before the Start of CPR

Best

Good

Fair

Poor
0 1 2 3 4 5 10 15 20 25 Minutes

1-15
 Secondary Injuries

 During shock, the reflex actions

of muscles may cause falls or
sudden moves into other
hazards.

 Falls can cause broken bones

and teeth, lacerations, and
concussions.

1-16
 What are electrical hazards?

 A situation with the potential

for human injury.
 Electrical hazards can be:
 Physical hazards
(unsafe conditions) or
 Behavioral hazards
(unsafe behaviors).

1-17
 Electrical Hazards in the Workplace

What are some examples of

common electrical hazards in
the workplace?

1. What action should be taken to

correct them?
2. Classify which are behavioral
hazards and which are physical
hazards.

1-18
 Physical Hazards (Unsafe Conditions)

 Energized equipment with exposed circuits.

 Wet floors.
 Storage of flammables near electrical
outlets or equipment.
 Cramped spaces.
 Stressful conditions.
 Area not barricaded during electrical work.
 Bare wires.
 Frayed cables.
 Overloaded circuits.

1-19
 Behavioral Hazards (Unsafe Behaviors)

 Not following specs or directions.

 Shortcuts.
 Indifference.
 Lack of knowledge.
 Not de-energizing.
 Not locking-out.
 Working when stressed or fatigued.
 Working alone.
 Removing ground prong.
 Thinking, “It can’t happen to me.”

1-20
 Role Model Safety

If you were to see a person performing

Type 4 electrical work WITHOUT the proper
PPE and equipment, you MUST:
 Stop the worker from continuing when
safe to do so.
 Report it to a supervisor when it is safe
to do so.
To create a safe work environment,
employees must be able to:
 Recognize hazardous conditions.
 Take necessary precautions to
minimize risk.

1-21
 Protection Against Hazards

 Passive: Does not

require any action by
the worker to be
effective.

 Active: Requires action

by the worker in order to
be effective.

1-22
 Passive Protection

Passive protection is used as

the first line of defense:
 Ground fault circuit
interrupters (GFCIs).
 Covers and shielding.
 Grounding or earthing.
 Interlocks.

1-23
 Active Protection

 Wearing PPE.
 Use of insulated tools/mats.
 Use of fiberglass ladders only.
 Barricading the work area.
 Applying secondary grounding.
 Knowledge of the task to be performed.
 Not using metal fish tapes.
 Removal of jewelry before beginning work.
 Use of proper illumination.
 Removal of combustibles in area.

1-24
 Who is Responsible for EEW?

 EHS
 Site Senior Manager
 Permit Approver
 Equipment Owner/Process
Engineer
 Type 4 Buddy
 Type 5 Buddy
 Qualified Person

2-2
 What are the responsibilities?

EHS:
 Ensures the quality of the EEW
Guidelines and training.
 Defines an audit process.
 Communicates requirements to
site senior management.
 Must ensure permits are
reviewed on an annual basis to
identify trends in EEW and
opportunities for reduction.

2-3
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

Site Senior Management:

 Ensure a review occurs to eliminate the
need for EEW (held at least annually).
 Enforce compliance with EEW guidelines.
 Ensure permitting process is in place and
managed.
 Ensure EEW training and certifications are
completed for the organization.
 Enforce the availability, maintenance, and
calibration of PPE required for EEW.
 Resource EEW work sufficiently.

2-4
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

Permit Approver:
 Responsible for documenting and/or validating the compelling reason for
EEW.
 Shall be senior enough to make judgments that affect the lives of those
doing work or have enough working knowledge of electrical systems to
be able to utilize good judgment when deciding Infeasibility.
 Ensure permits (or activity log) are archived for not less than one (1) year.
 Verify that all employees performing electrical work have current training
certifications and qualifications necessary to perform the work.
 Understand the scope and hazards associated with the work they are
approving.
 Permit Approvers must take Advanced Electrical Safety with annual
Advanced Electrical Safety Re-certifications thereafter.

2-5
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

Equipment Owner/Engineer:
 Complete required training.
 Evaluate tasks performed at Type 4 and Type 5 to
help engineer modifications to reduce to Type 3
or below.
 Update specifications to comply with the EEW
Guidelines.
 Assist in scheduling to reduce downtime.
 Coordinate and ensure completion of Job Hazard
Analysis.
 Stop work activities if you are unsure if the
activity being performed is a violation or not.
Contact local safety for support.

2-6
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

Type 4 EEW Buddy:

 Complete required training.
 Review scope of work with qualified person.
 Know location of disconnects and how to de-energize.
 Determine emergency rescue plan prior to starting work.
 Review and sign EEW Permit.
 Inspect all PPE and safety equipment prior to work.
 Observe work without interfering or participating.
 Stop work activities if you are unsure if the activity being
performed is a violation or not; Contact local safety for
support.

2-7
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

Type 5 EEW Buddy:

In addition to Type 4 responsibilities:
 Have equivalent qualifications
and knowledge of the EEW
work and hazards of the work
being performed.
 Understand the scope of the
work.

2-8
 What are the responsibilities? cont.

As a safeguard against incidents, the Type 4 and Type 5 buddy must:

 Stand by and watch the energized procedure
while not being involved in any other work
tasks.
 Ensure safe work practices are followed.
 Keep the body hook in close proximity (no more
than two arms length from buddies reach).
 Know the location of power disconnects.
 Know the location of the nearest working phone.
 Know the emergency phone number.
 Know and use the rescue plan to initiate
emergency response procedures.
 Remain in the position while work is in progress

2-9
 What are the responsibilities? cont.
Qualified Person:
 Completes additional training that provides skills to:
 Distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts of
electrical equipment.
 Determine the nominal voltage of exposed energized parts
(voltage meters)
 Obtain knowledge of the specific tools/equipment the person
will be using.
 Understands the scope of the work.
 Ensures the Buddy System is used.
 Ensures the EEW permit is followed.
 Understands the minimum approach distances associated with
the volt-amps to which the person will be exposed.

2-10
Safety Tools

3-1
 Typical PPE/Equipment for Energized Work

 Non-conductive barriers, red danger tape,

stanchions, chains, and signs
 Properly rated and tested rubber
insulated gloves and tools
 Rubber insulated boots, blankets, or floor
mats
 Test meters and scanning equipment
 Non-conductive safety glasses/face
shield
 Flash protective clothing
 Hard hats (when required)
 Hearing protection

3-2
 Tools: Meters
 This training covers the basic safety aspects of
volt meters for EEW; this training does not teach
you HOW to use a meter; see your training
representative and/or peer trainer for proper
training.
 Voltage meters are used for verifying zero
voltage for LO/TO, power quantity
verification/monitoring, and troubleshooting.
 Ensure you are properly trained prior to using
any meter.
 All voltage meters shall have at least one of these
listings: UL, CSA, TUV, or a recognized testing
lab symbol.
 Ensure that a current calibration sticker is
affixed.
3-3
 Tools: Meters (cont.)

 Use the 3-point check to verify equipment power

is off during LO/TO.
 Ensure the meter is performing correctly before
and after each use by following these steps:
1. Test the meter on a known energized
source.
2. Test at the equipment source for zero
volts.
3. Go back to the known energized source
and re-test the meter verifying the meter
has performed correctly.

3-4
 Tools: Meters (cont.)

 Must be aware of the voltage and amperage of

the equipment being tested.
 Ensure the meter is rated for the voltages being
tested.
 Use a Digital Volt Meter (DVM) or Digital
Multimeter (DMM) for the job.
 Coil type meters, such as “Wiggies”, are
prohibited due to increased hazards:
 Gives only approximate voltages (not
dependable for 50V determination)
 Can trip a GFCI breaker.

3-5
 Rescue Tool: Body Hook/Harness

 Fiberglass pole with a large non-conductive

hook on the end, usually 6-8 feet long.
 Used for removing employees involved in
electrical accidents from electrical sources.
 Use the hook to break the hand/arm free or
around the body to pull person from the
energized source.
 A non-conductive harness with tether may
be used as a substitute.
 Body hooks/harnesses may be stored with
other EEW PPE supplies, but MUST be in
close proximity (within two arms length) of
the buddy when EEW occurs.

3-6
 Emergency Response Procedures

 Six steps to follow when responding to an

emergency:
1. Remain calm!
2. Safely free the person.
3. Get help (call Emergency Hotline ).
4. Administer CPR/First Aid.
5. Keep the person warm (shock).
6. Stay with the person until help arrives.
 In ANY case of shock, notify Security/ERT,
Health Services, and your immediate
supervisor.

3-7
 Safety Methods: Grounding

 The process of removing stored

energy from de-energized
electrical equipment by creating
an intentional path to earth.

 This path prevents the buildup of

voltages that may result in
hazards to people and
equipment.

3-8
 Grounding Tools

 Grounding stick:
 A non-conductive fiberglass pole with a small
conductive hook on the end.
 Used for discharging electrical components prior
to performing work.
 Grounding cluster:
 Primarily used in facilities’ high kVA distribution
equipment.
 When the grounding cluster is properly applied, it
reduces the potential for current to flow to the
worker if the bus is accidentally energized.
 Must be installed and removed by a qualified
person with appropriate PPE.

3-9
 One-Arm Method
 Requires one to work on live circuits
using only one hand.
 Method used to minimize the
likelihood of creating a path for
current to flow from one hand, up
the arm, across the heart, and out
through the second hand.
 The second arm should be tucked
behind the back as a means of
keeping it clear of all circuits,
reducing the chance of current
flowing through the heart area.
 This method should only be used if
doing so does not increase the risk
since many tasks require two hands.
3-10
 Type 1 Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Zero volts

 Buddy required: No
 EEW Permit required: No
 Metering/testing: Only to ensure
no power; appropriate EEW PPE
may be required until 0 voltage is
verified.
 Required training: Basic
Electrical Safety WBT; CoHE

4-1
 Type 2 Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Less than 600 volts

with covers in place
 Buddy required: No
 EEW permit required: No
 Metering/Testing: Only by means of
designated testing points with all covers
in place
 Required training: Basics Electrical
Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced Electrical
Safety, Advanced Electrical Safety
Recert (annual WBT)

4-2
 Type 3a Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Less than 50

volts and less than 240 volt-amps
 Buddy required: No
 EEW permit required: No
 Metering/Testing:
Troubleshooting
 Required training: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced
Electrical Safety, Advanced
Electrical Safety Recert (annual
WBT)

4-3
 Type 3b Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Visual

inspections less than 600 volts with
no covers in place
 Buddy required: No
 EEW permit required: No
 Metering/Testing: Prohibited; visual
inspections only
 Required training: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced
Electrical Safety, Advanced
Electrical Safety Recert (annual
WBT)

4-4
 Type 4 Electrical Work (EEW)

 Traditionally defined as
Energized Electrical Work
(EEW).
 Circuits or components are
exposed.
 An authorized, compelling
reason is necessary for the
work.

4-5
 Type 4a Electrical Work (EEW)

 Actual work performed (e.g.

manipulating wires) where energy
magnitude is: 50-600 volts or 240 volt
amps and above
 Buddy required: Yes; EEW
 Permit required: Yes
 Metering/Testing: N/A
 Required training:
 Qualified persons: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced Electrical
Safety, EEW Recert (annual WBT), EEW
CPR/First Aid
 Type 4 EEW Buddy: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, Advanced Electrical Safety,
Advanced Electrical Safety Recert
(annual WBT), EEW CPR/First Aid

4-6
 Type 4b Electrical Work (EEW)
 Metering &Testing (i.e. troubleshooting)
where energy magnitude is: 50-600 volts
or 240 volt amps and above
 Buddy required: Yes
 Permit required: No
 Metering/Testing: for 50-600 volts
 Required training:
 Qualified persons: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced
Electrical Safety, Advanced Electrical
Safety Recert (annual WBT), EEW
CPR/First Aid
 Type 4 EEW Buddy: Basic Electrical
Safety WBT, Advanced Electrical
Safety, Advanced Electrical Safety
Recert (annual WBT), EEW CPR/First
Aid

4-7
 Type 5a Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Greater than 600

volts (includes work & testing/metering)
 Buddy required: Yes
 EEW permit required: Yes
 Metering/Testing: IR scanning,
metering, testing, troubleshooting,
labeling, and circuit verifications
 Required training:

 Qualified persons: Basic Electrical Safety WBT, CoHE, Advanced

Electrical Safety, Advanced Electrical Safety Recert (annual WBT),
EEW CPR/First Aid

 Type 5 EEW Buddy: Basic Electrical Safety WBT, Advanced

Electrical Safety, Advanced Electrical Safety Recert (annual WBT),
EEW CPR/First Aid, equivalent work qualifications and knowledge
of the work to be done and the hazards associated
4-8
 Type 5b Electrical Work

 Energy magnitude: Greater than 600

volts (visual inspections only)
 Buddy required: Yes
 EEW permit required: No
 Metering/Testing: Prohibited
 Required training:
 Qualified persons: Basic
Electrical Safety WBT, CoHE,
Advanced Electrical Safety,
Advanced Electrical Safety Recert
(annual WBT), EEW CPR/First Aid

 Type 5 EEW Buddy: Basic Electrical Safety WBT, Advanced

Electrical Safety, Advanced Electrical Safety Recert (annual
WBT), EEW CPR/First Aid, equivalent work qualifications and
knowledge of the work to be done and the hazards
associated
4-9
 Energized Electrical Work Permit

 It is required by law that work

involving potential direct/indirect
contact with energized exposed
circuits 50 volts and above be
authorized by a compelling reason.

 The permit was developed in order to

document the compelling reason and
identify who authorized the work to be
performed.

 The permit also helps to ensure that

only qualified persons would be
working in EEW situations.

4-10
 Energized Electrical Work Permit cont.

 Is required for Type 4a, Type 5a,

and work in hazardous locations.
Compelling Reasons:
 Must be completed before work
begins with an approved Emergency Alarms
signature. Illumination
Life Support
 Must be archived (or tracked in a Infeasible Shutdown
log) for 1 year.

4-11
THANK YOU
…..

5-1