TAXONOMY 101

BASIC PRINCIPLES AND CONCEPTS

Group 4
 Glimpse……
TAXONOMY WARM UP!!
DIRECTIONS: Identify the organism to what
kingdom they belong
(Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Monera)
WORD CYCLE

1. Think of the word associated to the word

TAXONOMY
2. Two members per group should give 1 word
associated to THAT WORD
3. The last letter of the first word should be
the first letter of the next word.
 EXAMPLE……………..
 If the first word is “ideas” the second word can be
“support” and the next word should start with letter “T”
 The cycle goes on until the last member takes his/her
turn/

 Write 1-2 sentences about your group’s

understanding of the word taxonomy
OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the
unique/distinctive
characteristics of a specific
taxon relative to other taxa
GROUP ACTIVITY

“Looking for a group members”

 TASK: Using the pictures found in your envelop, group
the organisms based on your own way of grouping it.
 Present your output after 5 minutes.
 I minute maximum presentation will be allotted.
 Rubric number 1 will be utilize in giving rate in your
group output.
 RUBRIC
Content 25%
Creativity 25%
Behaviour/
cooperation / 25%
Timeliness
Presentation 25%

Total 100%
PRESENTATION TIME
LET’ ANALYSE

1. What made you decide of grouping your

sample organisms that way?
2. Give justification to prove your answer
REFLECTION TIME….

What are the unique/distinctive

characteristics of a specific taxon
relative to other taxa? Give example
LET’S PRACTICE

Choose one address given by your

classmates

Lets us categorize that data using the 7

levels of classification
THINK ABOUT IT……

2. What will happen if taxonomic device

( the 7 levels of classification presented by
CAROLUS LINNAEUS was not introduced
to us?
2. Are we practicing the science of
taxonomy in our daily lives? Give us a
concrete example
THANK YOU
WHAT IS TAXONOMY?
It is the practice of identifying different
organisms, classifying them into
categories and naming them. All
organisms, both living and extinct, are
classified into distinct groups with other
similar organisms and given a scientific
name.
CAROLUS
LINNAEUS
• a Swedish naturalist from the
18th century and is considered
the father of taxonomy.
• who first began to separate
organisms into hierarchical
categories.
• When Linnaeus developed his
system of hierarchical categories
he called it ‘Systema Naturae’.
BINOMIAL
NOMENCLATURE
 Binomial nomenclature is the method we
use to uniquely name every different
organisms on Earth, living or extinct.
 All organisms have a scientific name that
includes two Latin words. Scientific names
are also written in either italics or underlined.
 The two words are made from the names of
the genus the species belongs to and a
second word to separate each of the species
from the same genus. The second word is
known as the specific epithet.
 VIDEO TIME!

Open “Taxonomy- Life's Filing

System - Crash Course Biology _19”
TAXONOMICAL CLASSIFICATION
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Archaea Plantae -body plan -common Carnivore Apes Feline Hores

Bacteria Fungi quadruped traits- Herbivore Lemurs Canine Wolf
Eukarya Morena Biped Vertebrate Primates Hominidae Homo Elephant
Protista Fish Inverti- Homo
Animalia Mollusks brate sapien
Birds Mammals
Chordata
Species: Species (used both as singular
and plural) is a natural population of
individuals or group of population which
resemble one another in all essential
morphological and also reproductive
characters so that they are able to
interbreed freely and produce fertile
offspring.
Genus: it is a group or assemblage
of relate species which resemble
one another in certain correlated
characters. All the species of genus
are presumed to have evolved from
a common ancestor.
Family: it is taxonomic category which
contains one or more related genera.
All the genera of a family have some
common features or correlated
characters.
Order: the category includes one or
more related families. Thus, the
families fekidae and canidae are
included under the order carnivore
alongwith hyaenidae (hyaenas) and
ursidae (bears).
Class: a class is made of one or more
relates order. For example, class
mammalian of animals includes all
mammals which range from bats (order
chiroptera),kangaroos (order
marsupialia).
Division or phylum: it is a category
higher than that of class. The term
phylum is used for animals while
division is commonly employed for
plants. A division or phylum is
formed of one or more classes.
Kingdom: it is the highest
taxonomic category. All plants are
included in kingdom plantae while
all animals belong to kingdom
animalia.
PROTISTA
ANIMALIA
FUNGI
BACTERIA
PLANTAE
VIDEO TIME!
SYSTEMATIC & TAXONOMY
The Difference
• Taxonomy is only a part of Systematic.

• Taxonomy in this sense includes a range of different

areas from description and naming of new taxa
(nomenclature), classification, and construction of
identification system for particular groups of
organisms.
• Systematic includes traditional taxonomy with the
addition of theoretical and practical aspects of
evolution, genetics, and speciation.

• The study of the evolutionary relationship between

organisms is usually referred as Phylogenetics.
FOCUS OF
TAXONOMY
CLASSIFICATION
Arrangement of species into
groups having common trait that
express evolutionary
relationships
IDENTIFICATION AND
DETERMINATION
Identifying animals by the
recognition of certain characters.
NOMENCLATURE
Naming of Species according to
the International Code of
Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN)
FAUNATICS
Inventory of the native or
naturalized animals of an
area: called a fauna.
IMPORTANCE OF
TAXONOMY
•Organize species into groups
and discuss them.
•Identify new organisms.
•Show relationship between
organisms.
 CLOSURE:
HERE’S A SITCH
Use your knowledge about taxonomy to solve the
following problems.
PROBLEM # 1
An unknown reptilian was found by your
research team but you have no knowledge
if it’s a crocodile or an alligator. The only
thing you could do is to identify the genus
and species through physical appearance.
What aspects will you consider? Choose 2
then answer why.
a.Number of scales in the tail
b.Snout shape
c.Feet
d.Size
e.Length of the Teeth
f. Length of the nails
g.Pupil Shape
PROBLEM # 2
How do Family of Felidae (cat
and lions) and Canidae (dogs
and hyenas) differ from each
other?