CONSTRUCTION FIRE SAFETY

CMS&A SAFETY TRAINING

WELCOME
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 YOUR INSTRUCTOR

EDISON U. GARCIA

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 COURSE OBJECTIVES
 Discuss How to Prevent Fires.
 Discuss How Fires are Initiated.
 Discuss How Fires are Classified.
 Discuss How to Extinguish Small Fires.
 Discuss Facility Evacuation Requirements.
 Discuss How to Use a Portable Fire Extinguisher.
 Discuss How to Inspect a Portable Fire Extinguisher.
 Discuss What to Do if Trapped in a Burning Building.
 Discuss How to Identify the Proper Fire Extinguisher.
 Discuss The Requirements of an Emergency Action Plan.

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 BASIS FOR THIS COURSE
 Employers are Responsible for Employee Safety.
 Fire is One of the Most Common Industrial Accidents.
 3 Billion Dollars Per Year Are Lost Due to Fire.
 300 Workers Per Year Lose Their Lives Due to Fire.
 Training Greatly Lessens the Probability of Fire.
 This Training Helps Improve:
 Safety
 Morale
 Productivity
 Employee well-being
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 COURSE ATTENDEES
 Company Employees
 Safety Committees
 Purchasing Agents
 Department Managers
 First Line Supervisors
 Maintenance Managers
 Shipping and Receiving Employees
 Accident Investigation Team Members

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 GENERAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS

ALL EMPLOYERS MUST:

FIRE
SAFETY
 Assign Responsibility PROGRAM
 Establish a Written Program
 Conduct Fire Safety Training
 Develop Fire Safety Procedures
 Conduct Work Area Inspections
 Maintain a Safe Work Environment
 Conduct Regular Program Evaluations

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 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS
THE EMPLOYER MUST PROVIDE TRAINING:
 General Fire Prevention Rules.
 Extinguishing Methods for Fires.
 Where Extinguishers are Located.
 Properties of Fire in the Workplace.
 The Details of the Fire Prevention Plan.
 Conduct Training Prior to Job Assignment.
 Emergency Egress Procedures During Fires.
 Explain The Nature, Extent and Effects of Fire.
 Explain the Potential Hazards Associated with Fires.

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 RETRAINING REQUIREMENTS

REQUIRED WHEN THERE IS A: FIRE

SAFETY
PROGRAM
 Facility Fire.
 New Fire Hazard.
 Program Related Injury.
 Change in Job Assignment.
 New Hazard Control Methods.
 Failure in the Safety Procedures.
 Reason to Doubt Employee Proficiency.

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 TRAINING IS IMPORTANT

A GOOD PROGRAM WILL HELP:

 Reduce the Probability of Fire.
FIRE
 Reduce Injury and Illness Rates. STATISTICS
 Acceptance of High-Turnover Jobs.
 Workers Feel Better About their Work.
 Reduce Workers’ Compensation Costs.

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 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

IMPLEMENTATION OF A FIRE SAFETY

PROGRAM REQUIRES:

 DEDICATION
 PERSONAL INTEREST
 MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT

NOTE:
UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORT FROM THE WORK FORCE
IS ESSENTIAL, WITHOUT IT THE PROGRAM WILL FAIL!

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 PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
Continued

DEVELOPMENT SEQUENCE:
 Establish responsibility. DANGER
 Conduct employee training.

FLAMMABLE
 Periodically review the program.
 Conduct a fire safety survey facility.


Establish policies and develop rules.
Perform inspections and maintenance.
MATERIALS
 Eliminate combustibles where possible.
 Modify policies and rules as appropriate.
 Provide protection where hazard elimination is not possible.

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY

 RECOGNITION
 EVALUATION
 IMPLEMENTATION
 CONTROL

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 RECOGNITION
ASSESSMENT OF FIRE HAZARDS:

 Known jobs/areas having fire hazards.

 Jobs/areas with new equipment or processes.
 New jobs having little or no statistical fire data.
 Jobs/areas having had recent operational changes.

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 RECOGNITION
 EVALUATION
 IMPLEMENTATION
 CONTROL

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 EVALUATION
SAFETY
 Facility audit data. PROGRAM

 Employee surveys.
 Accident investigations.
 Logs of employee complaints.
 Statistical evidence of known/potential hazards.
 Injury and illness data of known/potential hazards.

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 RECOGNITION
 EVALUATION
 IMPLEMENTATION
 CONTROL

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 IMPLEMENTATION
 Written program.
 Training program.
 Employee involvement.
 Supervisor involvement.
 Corrective action program.
 Job hazard analysis program.
 Safety in purchasing (new chemicals, substitutes etc.)

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 RECOGNITION
 EVALUATION
 IMPLEMENTATION
 CONTROL

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 CONTROL
 Periodic facility audits.
FIRE SAFETY
 Written program reviews. PROGRAM
 Employee feedback surveys.
 Job hazard analysis reviews.
 Recurrent training programs.
 Supervisor feedback surveys.
 Periodic statistical evaluations.
 Corrective action follow-up measures.

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 CONTROL MEASURES CONSIDERATIONS:

 Capital improvement plan to eliminated hazards.
 Costs involved in purchasing substitutes.
 Length of time necessary for implementation.
 Level of urgency in implementation.
 Compatibility with existing processes or controls.
 Anticipated problems with employee use.

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 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY
Continued

 PRIORITIZATION CONSIDERATIONS:
 Severity of injuries as a result of a fire.
 Severity of property damage as a result of a fire.
 Consequences of a fire at the worksite.
 Likelihood that the operation will have a fire.
 The length of exposure to the fire hazard.
 Long-term effects of fire hazards.

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 THE SUPERVISOR’S ROLE
 CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING:

1. KNOW THE FIRE HAZARDS IN YOUR AREA OF CONTROL!

2. GET INVOLVED IN THE FIRE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS.
3. OBTAIN ASSISTANCE FROM YOUR LOCAL FIRE INSPECTOR.
4. COMPLETE THE PAPERWORK (WORK ORDERS, POLICY
CHANGES, ETC.) TO MAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS.
5. ATTEND THE SAME TRAINING AS YOUR WORKERS.
6. FOLLOW-UP ON THE ACTIONS YOU TOOK.

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 THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
 THE FIRE TRIANGLE:

IGNITION FUEL

OXYGEN

TAKE ANY COMPONENT AWAY AND FIRE CANNOT SURVIVE

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 THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

 IGNITION CAN BE:

 Electrical.
 Chemical.
 Thermal.
 Radioactive.

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 THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

 FUEL CAN BE:

 Solid.
 Liquid.
 Gas.

In order to combust the

right mixture of oxygen
and fuel must be present.
SOLID LIQUID GAS

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 THE MECHANICS OF FIRE
Continued

 OXYGEN:

 The fuel air mixture must be right. 0

 People need 19 percent to live. 3 0
OXY
 Fire only needs 16 percent.

OXYGEN

2
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 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE

 THERE ARE FOUR CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE:

 Class - A Wood, paper, cloth, rubber, some plastics.

 Class - B Gasoline, kerosene, paint, propane.
 Class - C Electrical equipment.
 Class - D Metals like magnesium, titanium, sodium

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 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

 CLASS “A” FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES:

 Keep storage and working areas free of trash.

 Place oily rages in covered containers.
 Control smoking in the area.
 Limit sources of possible ignition.
 Keep passages and fire doors clear at all times.
 Know the locations of fire extinguishers.

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 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

 CLASS “B” FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES:

 Consider nonflammable substitutes for cleaners.

 Ensure solvent tanks have fusible links on covers.
 Only refuel equipment in well ventilated areas.
 Properly store flammable liquids.
 Use flammable liquids only in well ventilated areas.
 Ensure storage drums are properly grounded.
 Restrict welding and cutting to authorized areas.

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 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

 CLASS “C” FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:

 Inspect wiring and insulation frequently.

 Ensure motors are kept clean and lubricated.
 Be cognizant of unusual odors.
 Ensure outlets and connections are not overloaded.
 Never misuse fuses, look for correct rating.
 Keep motors free of dust and excess grease.
 Ensure machinery is properly maintained.

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 THE CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIRE
Continued

 CLASS “D” FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS:

 Control dust and turnings.

 Follow established control procedures.
 Never use wet sand or water to extinguish fires.
 Moisture releases oxygen which can fuel the fire.
 Metal fires can burn up to 5000 degrees.
 Metals can be extremely difficult to extinguish.

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 IDENTIFYING THE PROPER FIRE
EXTINGUISHER

 LOOK AT THE FACEPLATE

KIDS DON’T T
Y THIS AT HOME!
Y THIS AT HOME!

FIRE EXTINGUISHER
MULTI-PURPOSE
DRY CHEMICAL

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 USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 CHECK THE GAUGE

KIDS DON’T T
Y THIS AT HOME!
Y THIS AT HOME!

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 USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

 PULL THE PIN

KIDS DON’T T
Y THIS AT HOME!
Y THIS AT HOME!

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 USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued
 SQUEEZE THE TRIGGER WHILE HOLDING THE EXTINGUISHER UPRIGHT.

KIDS DON’T T
Y THIS AT HOME!
Y THIS AT HOME!

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 USING THE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

 AIM THE EXTINGUISHER AT THE BASE OF THE FLAMES.

 SWEEP SIDE TO SIDE.

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 WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A FIRE

 WHEN TO CALL FOR HELP!: 8999

 If you have no escape route.
 If the fire begins to significantly spread.
 If the extinguisher proves to be ineffective.
 If there is a choice between life and property.
 If you’re unsure if you can handle the situation.
 If you are injured and it will impede your escape.
 If the extinguisher is not designed for the type fire.
 If any drums, gases, and like materials are engulfed.

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 HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON:

 Nature of the combustibles or flammables.

 Potential severity of the resulting fire.
- size, speed of travel, intensity etc.
 Effectiveness of the extinguisher on the type material.
 The ease of the use of the fire extinguisher.
 The personnel available to operate the extinguisher.
 The physical and emotional ability of the user.

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 HOW TO SELECT A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

 SELECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER DEPENDS ON:

 The ambient conditions (wind, drafts, fumes etc.).

 Adverse reactions of the extinguishing agent.
 Health and operational safety concerns.
 Upkeep and maintenance of the extinguisher.

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 METHODS OF EXTINGUISHER OPERATION

 FIVE METHODS ARE IN COMMON USE:

 Self-Expelling - Sufficient vapor pressure to expel

themselves.
 Gas Cartridge or Cylinder - A separate cylinder is activated
to pressurize the extinguisher to expel the agent.
 Stored Pressure - Extinguisher contents under content
constant pressure.
 Mechanically Pumped - The operator activates a pump to
expel the extinguishing agent.
 Hand Propelled - The use of scoops, pails, or buckets.

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 HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES

 CLASS “A” FIRES - ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLES:

 Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire.

 Do not attempt to put out the flames.
 Cool the material below its ignition temperature.
 Soak fibrous material to prevent re-ignition.
 Establish a fire watch to ensure no re-ignition occurs.
 Use water, foam or multi-purpose dry chemicals.

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 HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

 CLASS “B” FIRES - FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS OR GASES:

 Point the extinguishing agent at the base of the fire.

 Do not attempt to put out the flames.
 Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.
 Close solvent tanks lids etc.
 Know that the fire may flare up momentarily.
 Use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemicals and halon.

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 HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

 CLASS “C” FIRES - ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT:

 Extinguishing agent cannot conduct electricity.

 Disconnect power to the source ASAP.
 Ensure the extinguisher doesn’t make contact.
 Do not attempt to use water based extinguishers.
 Electrical fires can effect circuitry “downstream”.
 Use carbon dioxide, dry chemicals and halon.

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 HOW TO EXTINGUISH SMALL FIRES
Continued

 CLASS “D” FIRES - COMBUSTIBLE METALS:

 Multi-purpose extinguishing agent leaves a residue.

 The agent cools the metal to below its ignition temp.
 These residues are harmful to electronic equipment.
 Attempt to prevent oxygenation of the fire.
 Use agents that deprive oxygen.
 Know that metal fires burn extremely hot (5000 deg.).
 Use carbon dioxide and halon.

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 INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS:

 Inspect fire extinguishers once per month.

INSPECTION
CHECKLIST  Inspect more often if local fire codes require it.
 Have fire extinguishers serviced once per year.
 Service more often if local codes require it.
 Document the monthly inspections on the card.

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 INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 INSPECTION PROCEDURES:

 Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.

INSPECTION
CHECKLIST
 Determine the likely types of fires in the area.
 Ensure the extinguisher is the right type (A.B.C.D.).
 Inspect for rust, dents or other signs of damage.
 Inspect the seal for tampering or previous use.
 Inspect the gauge and feel the weight.
 Is the extinguisher full of agent?
 Ensure the pin, nozzle and nameplate are intact.
 Report missing or damaged extinguishers.

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 INSPECTING A FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Continued

ACETYLENE
INSPECT NOT ONLY DANGER

THE EXTINGUISHERS, NO SMOKING

BUT ENSURE THAT NO FUMAR
4
AREAS NEEDING
THEM HAVE THEM GAS
1 3
INSPECTION
ON HAND. CHECKLIST

ENSURE HAZARDOUS
AREAS HAVE FIRE KIDS DON’T T
Y THIS AT HOME!
Y THIS AT HOME!

EXTINGUISHERS
POSITIONED FOR
READY USAGE.

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 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 INSPECTION PROCEDURES:

 Read the emergency action plan.

EAP  Know the evacuation alarm.
 Know the locations of your fire extinguishers.
 Know the primary and secondary escape routes.
 Know where handicapped workers are located.
 Do not use elevators, electricity may not work.
 Conduct periodic exercises to iron out problems.
 Know where the assembly point is located.
 Begin role call immediately at the assembly point.
 Inform management of missing persons.
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 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES:

 Follow the plan.

EAP  Do not lock doors when evacuating.
 Scan for injured on the way out.
 Do not use elevators, electricity may not work.
 Know where possible false exits are.
 Stay low to avoid smoke and toxic gases.
 Cover your mouth with a wet cloth.
 In multi-story buildings head for stairwells.
 In stairwells never go up!
 Once outside go to the assembly point.
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 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 EMERGENCY EVACUATION PROCEDURES:

 Never leave the grounds unless you are in danger.

EAP - Emergency responders may search for the missing.
 Ensure management knows where you are!
 Try and remember where your co-workers are.
 Inform management of pertinent information.

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 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN

 SOME TIPS IF YOU’RE TRAPPED:

 #1. If you panic, you only decrease survival chances.

EAP  Never open a door without feeling it first for heat.
 Use the back of your hand to test for heat.
 If the door is hot, try and seal the cracks.
 Look for a phone, or a fire alarm.
 Look for water sources to wet yourself down.
 Look for wet rags to breath through.
 Look for a window to ventilate the room.
 Try not to feed the fire oxygen.
 People have survived jumps, usually not fires.
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 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN
 EVACUATION PLAN:

OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE

OFFICE OFFICE OFFICE LOBBY

= FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
= HANDICAPPED WORK STATIONS ASSEMBLY
POINT

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 PERCEPTION
OF A SUCCESSFUL PROGRAM

1. DETAILED WRITTEN SAFETY PROCEDURES.

2. EXTENSIVE EMPLOYEE TRAINING PROGRAMS.
3. PERIODIC REINFORCEMENT OF SAFETY TRAINING.
4. SUFFICIENT DISCIPLINE REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.
5. PERIODIC FOLLOW-UP.

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 WORK AT WORKING SAFELY

Key to successful completion of any project is in Safety

Training. Building safe attitude is also a key factor in
maintaining a safe workplace. Safety is, and always will be a
team effort, safety starts with each individual employee who
comes on site and concludes with everyone leaving safe and
healthy at the end of the day and eventually to rejoin their
families.

Satti Jamshed
Safety Training Supervisor
CMS&A JV. RGX Project.

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