HARDWARE

Prepared by: Arlyn Orense, MBA, MIT

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What is a hardware?

 A computer hardware is the physical part of the

computer and its equipment. It’s main elements
are input devices, CPU, primary and secondary
storage, and output devices.

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Why does a computer store data?

 A computer stores data so that it will be

available for processing.
 Memory is an area of a computer that holds
data that is waiting to be processed.
 Storage is the area where data can be left on a
permanent basis.

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Computer System Basics

 A computer system includes a computer,

peripheral devices, and software.
 Hardware refers to the computer itself.
 Peripheral devices are components that
expand the computer’s input, output, and
storage capabilities.
 Software is a set of instructions that tells the
computer how to perform a particular task.

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Types of Hardware

 Input devices
 Output devices
 Processing devices
 Storage devices

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Input Devices

 Any hardware
component that allows
you to enter data,
programs, commands,
and user responses
into a computer
A wireless mouse

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Input devices

This figure shows several devices used for inputting data to the computer.

Keyboards Mouse
Other pointing devices

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Scanning devices Barcode reader

Handheld scanner
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Scanning devices

SCANNER
OMR

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Scanning devices

MAGNETIC STRIP FACSIMILE

READER MACHINE
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Trackball

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Touch screen

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Joystick

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Logitech digital
Stylus pen
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Digitizing tablet or digitizer

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Microphone

Ultra shotgun
microphone

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Video input

Digital camera

Web camera
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Central Processing Unit

 The CPU is the brains within your computer.

 It performs most of the calculations within the
computer and is responsible for the smooth
running of your operating system (Microsoft
Windows) as well as your application programs,
such as word-processors, spreadsheets and
databases.

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Components of a CPU

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Processing
Motherboard Devices

Expansion Card

Random Access
Memory– RAM
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Hard Drive

CD / DVD Storage Devices

Drive

Floppy Disk Drive Micro Drive

Zip
Drive

Jazz
Tape
Drive
Drive

CD/DVD
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Output devices

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Output devices

 Data that has been processed into useful

form called information.
 Text
 Graphics
 Audio
 Video

 Allow the user to view and possibly hear

processed data.

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Monitors

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Printers

 Impact Printers
 Printing mechanism strikes paper, ribbon and
character together
 Near letter quality (NLQ)
 Used for multipart forms
 strikes through multiple layers of paper

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Printers

INK JET

LINE
DOT MATRIX

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Printers
 Non-impact Printers
 No mechanism strikes the paper
 Much quieter than impact printers
 Ink-jet printers
 Spray tiny drops of ink onto the paper
 Both black-and-white and colour
 Resolution measured in dots per inch
(dpi)
 Speed measured in pages per minute
(ppm)
 Nozzles spray ink

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Printers
 Non-impact Printers
 Laser printers
 High-speed, high-quality non-impact printer
 Very high quality resolution - 300dpi to 1,200 dpi
 Stores entire page before printing it
 Page description language (PDL)
 PCL (Printer Control Language)
 Postscript
 Operates much like a copy machine
 Toner
 Replace cartridge

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Plotter

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Speakers

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Fax modem boards

EXTERNAL FAX
INTERNAL FAX MODEM
MODEM
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PERIPHERAL DEVICES

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Peripheral devices

Peripheral devices are

components that expand the
computer’s input, output, and
storage capabilities.

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INFORMATION
NETWORKS

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Network
 A network is a combination of hardware and
software that allows communication and
electric transfer of information between
computers.
 Hardware may be connected permanently by
a wire or cable, or temporarily through
modems, telephone lines or radio signals.

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LAN/WAN

LAN
A LAN (Local Area Network) is a system
whereby individual PCs are connected
together within a company or organization
WAN
A WAN (Wide Area Network) as the
name implies allows you to connect to
other computers over a wider area (i.e. the
whole world).
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• If ten people are working together within an office

it makes sense for them all to be connected.
• In this way the office can have a single printer
and all ten people can print to it.
• In a similar way other devices such as
modems or scanners can be shared.
• Even more useful is the ability to share
information when connected to a network.

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What's the Internet?

 The Internet is the world’s largest computer
network.
 provides connections for millions of computers all
over the globe
 provides many information services, the most
popular being the World Wide Web, or Web
 The Web is a sort of “flea market” for
information
 includes weather maps, census data, product
information, course syllabi, music, and images

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What's the Internet?

 Intranets are private company networks that

are protected from outside access.
 Extranets apply internet technology to
create a network outside of the company
system for use by customers or suppliers.

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HOW COMPUTERS WORK

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Selection Criteria

 The type of applications required

 The program execution time and computer capacity
 The number of workers who need computer access at
any one time
 Storage capacity
 Backup options
 Budget considerations
 Maintenance considerations

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Negative tilt keyboard

User Needs

Wrist rest

Document holder
Glare filter

Support gloves
Lumbar support
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Foot rest

Ergonomic keyboard
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MOBILE AND WIRELESS

COMPUTING

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Mobile computing

 Mobile computing uses devices that can be carried or

wheeled from place to place. These may include
desktop, specialized workstations or notebbok
computers or PDAs.

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Wireless devices

 Wireless devices are equipped with a special card

enabling it to broadcast and receive radio or cellular
signals that reach the network via access points.

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SOFTWARE

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