2.

1 The nuclear atom

Q.42 Fill in the blanks:

1.An atom is made up of a 1 charged 2 nucleus composed of 3 and

4.

2.Protons and neutrons are both 5 .

3.6 charged electrons occupy space 7 the nucleus.

2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

Q.44 Fill in the blanks.

You must use every word below, but can use each of them only once:
identity, atomic number, equals, (A), nucleus, mass number, (Z)

1.The 1 ( 2 ) of an atom or ion equals the number of protons and

neutrons in the 3 .

2.The 4 ( 5 ) equals the number of protons and thus determines the 6

of the atom or ion.

3.In a neutral atom, the number of protons 7 the number of electrons.

2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

Q.46 Define the term isotopes of an element and give an example.

2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

Q.47 The element potassium has three stable isotopes, 39K, 40K and 41K.

A mass spectrometer is used to determine the relative atomic mass (Ar) of

K. It finds that the lightest isotope, 39K, has a percentage abundance of
93.3%.

Calculate the percentage abundance of the two heavier isotopes.

2.1 The nuclear atom

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2.1 The nuclear atom

Q.48 Boron has two isotopes, 10B and 11B, in the approximate ratio of 1 : 4.

Draw the mass spectrum of boron.

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.49 Yellow light has a wavelength of 598 nm.

1.What is its wavelength in meters?

2.What is its frequency?

3.What is the energy of one photon of yellow light?

4.What is the energy of 1.00 mole of photons of yellow light?

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atom
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.50 Elements can be distinguished from their emission spectra.

Explain this statement.

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.51 The emission spectrum of an incandescent light bulb is continuous, e.g. it

shows a continuous spectrum when it falls through a prism.
The emission spectrum of a neon light is discontinuous, e.g. it shows a line
spectrum when it falls through a prism.

Explain the difference between a continuous and a discontinuous spectrum.

2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.54 Draw a labelled energy level diagram for a hydrogen atom,

including the lines showing electron transitions to n = 1, n = 2 and n = 3.

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.55 In the energy level diagram of hydrogen, draw arrows to represent:

1.An electron transition for the ionization of hydrogen.

2.An electron transition in the visible emission spectrum.

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.56 1.What does n stand for?

2.How many electrons can n = 3 hold?

3.How many orbitals do each of the sub-levels s, p, d and

f hold respectively?

4.Define the term orbital.

2.2 The nuclear atom

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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.57 Sketch the following atomic orbitals:

1.2s
2.2px
3.2py
4.2pz
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.58 State the Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule and the Pauli
exclusion principle needed to write electron configurations.
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.59 Sketch a diagram of the relative energies of

the sub-levels until sub-level 4d.
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.60 Deduce the numbers of protons, electrons and the full

electron configurations of the following particles:

1.C
2.Na+
3.O2−
4.Ca2+
5.Zn
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.61 Give the electron configuration and the orbital diagram of Cu and Cr.
Explain why they are exceptions to the Aufbau rule.
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2.2 The nuclear atom

Q.62 State the rule for deducing electron arrangements of cations in

the d-block and deduce the full electron arrangements of Cu+ and
Co2+.
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