Estimating and Costing-V

Lecture 2

Prof. Anurag Roy & Asst Prof. Geeta Saha

Gateway College of Architecture and Design
Intent:
To understand the method and Units of measurements of Materials
and items of works for civil works of a project
Mode and Units of Measurement

• Enables us to understand the Quantum of Work

•Enables us to prepare Budgets, and Estimated Costs of Works.

It’s Mode of measurements Shall be:

• Consistent with the internationally accepted and adopted procedures

•It must take into account the level of complexity of an item of work.
ROUGH ESTIMATES

• Based on the Costs of Similar Works

• Based on PLINTH AREA RATES . This is based on the Analysis of rates and
specifications by CPWD.

DETAILED ESTIMATES

Based on:
• Detailed Quantities of Materials
• Market Rates CPWD rates of the Materials and workmanship .
•Transportation
• Complexity of site conditions
Transportation of Materials
Surrounding Structures
•Quantum of Nature of Work
• Contractor’s Overheads and Profits.
PRELUDE TO EXCAVATION:
1. SITE CLEARANCE
Before Excavation, the site shall be cleared of any grass, shrubs, vegetation,
saplings, un utilized services.
The roots of saplings, vegetation etc ( and trees after necessary approvals)
shall be removed atleast upto 60 cms below ground level..
The hollows to be filled up with earth, rammed and suitably levelled.
The malba shall be disposed at a lead of minimum 50 meters from the site.

2. SETTING OUT:
Masonry pillars shall be erected at suitable location as per the building
layout. To facilitate layout markings.

3. PROTECTION:
Excavation area shall be securely barricaded and provided with proper
caution signage conspicuously displayed the day and with illumination at
night time.

4. ANTIQUES AND USEFUL MATERIALS:

Any finds of Archaeological interest during excavation such as coins,
statutes, fossils etc shall be stacked seperately and shall be the property of
the Government of India.
CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS:
Ordinary Soil:
These include soils which can be executed by spade, pick axes and showels. It
may contain sand, clay, shale, gravel, murram etc. They may also contain
embedded rock not more than 30 cms in any direction and can be removed by
shovels.

Ordinary Rock soil:

Generally rocks which can be excavated by splitting with crow bars and picks
and do not require blasting for excavation . E.g. lime stone, sand stone,
concrete hard laterite etc.

Hard Rock:
Generally any Rock or boulder, the excavation of which would require
Blasting. E.g Quartzite, Granite, RCC etc.

Hard Rock ( Blasting prohibited)

The hard rock where blasting is required, but is prohibited to use blasting, for
any reason. The excavation is carried out by wedging, chiselling, rock hammers
and cutters.
Excavation
Cu.M
•The length , breadth and depth of excavation shall be measured with a steel tape correct
to a cm and cubical contents shall be worked out in cubic meters correct to 2 decimal
figures.
• In case of soft soil and 1 or more types of rock ( Ordinary and hard) are found in an
excavation, the rock(s) are to be stacked separately and measured separately in stacks. The
net quantity of different soils are arrived by applying a deduction to allow for voids.
( about 50%).
•The rate would include excavation, carriage of excavated soil to a location as specified,
draining out any rainwater from trenches, site clearance, protection for safety including
signage , and precautions that no damage ion done to other adjoining properties.

Brickwork and Concrete work.

Cu.M
•Brickwork shall be measured separately for
Foundation to plinth
Plinth to the roof level.
No deductions shall be made for
Any openings upto .10 square meters.
Cement concrete blocks for fixing holdfasts
Lintols upto 10 cms.
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
SLABS 80 KG/ CU.M

BEAMS 125 KG/ CU.M

COLUMNS 200 KG/ CU.M

Steel Required for slabs = 80kg x 3.75 = 300 Kg

Add wastage @5% = 015 Kg
Total = 315 Kg

Steel Required for Beams =125 Kg x 1.80 = 225.00 Kg

Add wastage @ 5% = 11.25 Kg
Total = 236.25 Kg

Note: Steel reinforcement work includes straightening, cutting, placing in

position and binding work complete in all respects
Quantities in SQUARE METERS

• Flooring
( No deductions shall be made for cut outs or voids not exceeding 0.20 square meters)
•Plastering
( The dimensions shall be taken between un plastered wall surfaces)
•Painting work on wall, ceiling and other surfaces
( Painting works upto 15cms width and not in conjunction with similar painted works shall be taken in
running meters)
•Doors and windows shutters
•Shuttering work
•Waterproofing coats
PAINTING ON WOOD WORK
Doors

Flush Door ( Area of Elevations)

x 1.2 for each side.

Panelled Doors
Ledged, battened.
Braced Doors

Measured Flat ( Not girthed) in elevation correct to 2 decimal places in Sq. M

X 1.3 for each side
Part Panelled and part Glazed Doors
Measured Flat in Elevation
X 1 for each side

Fully Glazed Door

Measured Flat in Elevation
X .8 for each side

Louvered Door/ Window

Measured Flat in Elevation
X 1.8 for each side.

Carved Door
Measured Flat in Elevation
X 2 for each side.

Trellis work ( Jalli)

Measured Flat in Elevation
x2 for overall.
 X 1.10 for each side X 1.5 ( Overall)

X 1.25 for each side

Assignment Question:
Discuss briefly with notes and sketches, the principles and mode
of measurements of various items of construction works for the
preparation of detailed Estimated cost of a Construction / Building
Project.