4.

1 introduction the internet

• 1. Introduction
• It's no secret that more and more the internet is
becoming an integral part of our everyday lives. But
if you are new to the online experience, it may be a
bit overwhelming. You may be wondering, "What
exactly is the internet, and how does it work?"
• In this lesson, we will give a brief overview of the
internet, and we will talk about some fundamental
concepts such as networks, servers, and clients.
 2. What is the Internet?
• The internet is the largest computer network in
the world, connecting millions of computers. A
network is a group of two or more computer
systems linked together.
 3. The Internet Today
• In the early days, most people just used the internet to
search for information.
• Today's internet is a constantly evolving tool, that not
only contains an amazing variety of information, but
also provides new ways of accessing, interacting and
connecting with people and content.
• As a result, new terms are constantly appearing as
new technologies are introduced.
 4.2. Types of connection
1.Dialup connection
Dial-up refers to an Internet connection that is established using a modem.
When a user initiates a dial-up connection, the modem dials a phone number
of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) that is designated to receive dial-up
calls.
Dial up connecting allows you to connect to the internet via a local server
using a standard 56k modem.
Dial up internet connection advantages
 Very economic and widely available
 Hardware cost are minimal since it uses a standard modem
 Easy configuration
 Convenient for one computer or small network
 Dial up connection disadvantages
 The slowest connection
 Since it uses a 56k modem, it transfers 56 kilobits a second(7 kB) of data
 The average webpage size is about 50KByte
 So it takes 7 seconds to load a webpage
 Your telephone line will be busy when connected
2. Leased connection
 Use a dedicated line to connect to the internet
 We will have a direct internet connection to the internet
 Always on
 Leased internet connection can be found in many forms the popular two are
 ADSL
 Cable
 ADSL connection or (DSL)

• Stands for “Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line." It is

medium for transferring data over regular phone lines
and can be used to connect to the Internet.
• However, like a cable modem, a DSL circuit is much
faster than a regular phone connection, even though
the wires it uses are copper like a typical phone line.
• An asymmetric DSL (ADSL) connection allows
download speeds of up to about 1.5 megabits (not
megabytes) per second, and upload speeds of 128
kilobits per second.
 To generalize ADSL
It stands for Asymmetric digital subscriber line
Uses phone line
Have incredible performance compared to dial up
Have a flat monthly fee
Come in different speeds specification
 256Kbps/128Kbps
 512Kbps/128Kbps
 1Mbps/256Kbps
 2Mbps/512Kbps
 8Mbps/1024Kbps
 The first number shows the download speed and the second the upload
speed
Advantage of ADSL
Always on
Transfer data and voice at the same time
Fast
Disadvantages of ADSL
Does not available everywhere
Additional hardware cost, since it needs a
special modem called ADSL modem
 3. Cable connection
• In telecommunications, cable Internet access, often called
simply cable Internet, is a form of broadband Internet
access that uses the cable television infrastructure.
• It is integrated into the cable television infrastructure
analogously to DSL which uses the existing telephone
network.
• Cable TV networks and telecommunications networks are
the two predominant forms of residential Internet access.
• Recently, both have seen increased competition from fiber
deployments, wireless, and mobile networks.
 2.1 Confirming the functionality of existing internet connection

• If the internet connection not work properly

troubleshooting the internet
• 2.2 Troubleshooting
• The following are some common problems
that you might encounter when using the
Internet... along with some possible solutions:
• Problem: Can't Connect to the Internet
Service Provider
• Solutions:
 Make sure your modem is switched on and
connected to a live phone line.
 Make sure your connection software is
configured properly.
 The problem might not be on your end, but might
lie with the service provider. Often, if too many
users are logged on to a provider's system, the
provider will not permit additional connections.
• Problem: Accessing the Web and Other Resources
Takes a Long Time
• Solutions:
Minimize HTTP requests according to Yahoo, 
80% of a Web page’s load time is spent downloading
the different parts of the page, like images, style
sheets, and scripts.
Reduce image sizes images can play a major role in
your site speed. They’re often very large files, which
can slow down page load times.
 If you defer larger files, like JavaScript, you ensure
that the rest of your content can load without a delay.
• Problem: Cannot Access a Particular Web
Site:
• Solutions:
• Web sites are not permanent, and may change
URL addresses or even close without notice.
• If the website loads on the other device, the
problem lies with your computer.
• If the website doesn't load on another device,
the problem is either with the network or the
website itself.
• Problem: Site Loads, But Features Don't Function Properly
• Solutions:
• The site may contain a Java applet, JavaScript, or some other
advanced feature that your browser cannot process.
• Make sure that your browser is capable of using such features.
• Download a newer version of your browser if necessary.
• Some "virtual memory" applications, which allow a computer
to operate however it has more RAM than it actually does, can
interfere with browsers.
• The site contains non-standard HTML or unusual scripting that
is specific to a particular browser.
• The site contains code that is wrong or corrupt. If you believe
this to be the case, notify the Webmaster.
 3 Introduction to internet web browser

• Introduction
• A web browser is the tool that you use to access the World
Wide Web.
• In order to get the most out of the Web, it's important to
understand the various features of a browser.
• In this lesson, we'll talk about navigating the Web with a
browser, downloading files, bookmarking your favorite web
sites, tabbed browsing, plug-ins and more.
• Common Web Browsers
 Today, Chrome and Internet Explorer are the most popular web
browsers. Other browsers include Firefox, and Opera.
 Each one has its own look and feel, but they have the same goal:
to display web pages correctly.
 For most web pages, any well-known browser will work.
 A web browser is the tool that you use to access the World Wide
Web.
 The browser's main job is to display web pages.
 It also lets you create Bookmarks (sometimes called Favorites) for
sites you like, so that you can easily find them again later.
 The World Wide Web is a virtual network of web sites connected
by hyperlinks (or "links").
 Web sites are stored on servers on the internet, so the World Wide
Web is a part of the internet.
• Your computer probably came with a browser
preinstalled.
• PCs come with Internet Explorer, and Macs come
with Safari. If you prefer to use a different browser,
you can download Firefox, Google Chrome, or
Opera.
• All of these browsers are free.
 3.2 Setting Up Your Internet Connection

• Once you have chosen an ISP and purchased the

appropriate modem, you can use the instructions
provided by your ISP (or included with the modem)
to set up your internet connection. Depending on
what type of service you have, your ISP may need to
send a technician to your house in order to turn the
connection on.
• After you have everything set up, you can open your
web browser and begin using the internet. If you have
any problems with your internet connection, you can
call your ISP's tech support number.
 Address Bar

• Browsers have an address bar that shows the

web address (also called a URL) of the page
you are on. To go to a different page, you can
type an address in the address bar and then
press Enter (or Return).
 Links
• Most of the time, you will get to a different page by
clicking on a link. A link can be text or an image, and
it's usually formatted to stand out so you know to click
on it. Many text links are blue, and they may also be
underlined.
• A link may lead to another web page, or it could lead to
a document, video, or any other type of file. If you're
not sure if something's a link, hover the mouse over it.
• For example, this is a link. It will open a web page in a
new window, and you can close it to come back to this
page.
 Navigation Buttons
 Sometimes, after you click on a link, you might want
to go back to the previous page.
 You can do this using your browser's Back button.
 Once you've pressed the Back button, you can press
the Forward button to follow the link again.
 When you use the Back and Forward buttons, your
browser may use its web cache to display the page.
• That's usually good because it speeds up your web browsing,
but sometimes you want to see the most up-to-date
information on the page. You can use the Refresh button
(sometimes called Reload) to tell the browser to load the page
again.
 Search Bar
 The search bar is the location within a browser that allows you
to search the Internet for what you want to find. ... With
websites,
 When you use the search box you will be given a list of
websites that the search engine feels best meets the criteria of
your search.
 Some websites may track your activities online, usually for
marketing purposes. It's also possible to encounter malicious
sites that could harm your computer. For more tips, check out
Staving Safe While Browsing in our Internet Safety tutorial.
 Viewing Your History

• To view your history in Internet Explorer 9,

click the star icon and then select the history tab.
 Deleting Your History
• 1. In Internet chrome://history/ click the gear icon to
open the Tools menu.
• 2. Click Safety and then select Delete browsing
history....
• If you're using a browser other than Internet the
chrome process of viewing and deleting history
will be a little bit different.
 Tabbed Browsing
 Many browsers allow you to open a link in a new tab.
 This allows you to keep the current page open instead of going
directly to the new page.
 For example, if you're reading an article that has a link in it,
you can open the link in a new tab so that you can finish
reading the article.
 Then, you can go to the new tab to view the link.
 Tabs are designed to make browsing more convenient. You can
open as many links as you want, and they'll stay in the same
browser window instead of covering up your screen with
multiple windows.
 To open a link in a new tab, right-click the link and click Open
in new tab (the wording may vary from browser to browser).
• Downloading Files
• Your browser can display many different types of documents,
media, and other files. But there are times when you'll want to
access a file outside your browser. Downloading enables you to
do this by putting the file on your computer so that you can access
it.
• For example, suppose you needed to complete and print a form
that you found online. You could download it to your desktop,
then open it with the appropriate program (such as Microsoft
Word) to edit it.
• How to Download a File
• If you click on a link to a file, it may download automatically, but
sometimes it just opens within your browser instead of
downloading.
• Since the process of downloading a file varies from site to site, it
may require some trial and error.
• For various reasons, many sites do not allow you to download
content. For example, YouTube does not offer a way to
download its videos.
• Saving Images
• Sometimes you might want to save an image to your
computer. To do this, right-click the image and select Save
Picture As....
 4.1Introduction to Enabling Internet Functionality

• Before using the WinINet functions, the application should

attempt to make a connection to the Internet by using the
Internet Attempt Connect function.
• This function calls the dial-up dialog box to initiate a
connection to the Internet or check if a connection already
exists. If this function fails, the application can enter offline
mode, which allows it to access information that was cached
during previous connections to the Internet.
 4.2 Setting Access Types

Internet Open supports three access types:

• Use INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_DIRECT if the system on which the application is

running uses a direct connection to the Internet. The lpsz Proxy Name and lpsz
Proxy By pass parameters of Internet Open are not used and should be set to NULL.
• Use INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PROXY if the system on which the application is
running uses one or more proxy servers to access the Internet. Internet Open uses
the proxy servers indicated by lpsz Proxy Name and bypass the proxy for any host
names or IP addresses specified by lpsz Proxy Bypass.
• Use INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG to instruct your application to retrieve the
configuration from the registry. This is typically the best choice, as most
applications including web browsers use this option.
• INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG looks at the registry values Proxy Enable, Proxy
Server, and Proxy Override. These values are located under
"HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Internet
Settings".