Carrier Aggregation Training

Carrier Aggregation Training
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Contents
1 Overview
2 Principle Concepts
3 CA Configuration Mode
4 CA Application Scenario
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Overview -- Definition
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requires LTE-Advanced networks to provide a downlink peak data rate
of 1 Gbit/s. However, radio spectrum resources are so scarce that in most cases an operator owns only non-
adjacent chunks of the spectrum. Due to the limited bandwidth of a single chunk of the spectrum, the 1 Gbit/s data
rate requirement is hard to meet.
To deal with this situation, 3GPP specifications Release 10 introduced carrier aggregation (CA) to LTE-Advanced
networks, allowing aggregation of contiguous or non-contiguous carriers. The aggregated carriers are called
component carriers (CCs). CA achieves wider bandwidths (a maximum of 100 MHz).
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 3

Overview – CA Feature Gain
CA achieves wider bandwidth and allows a CA-capable UE (referred to as CA UE in this document) to use idle
resource blocks (RBs) on non-contiguous CCs. With CA enabled, a single UE can reach higher uplink and
downlink peak data rates.

Overview – CA Protocol Architecture
Single PDCP entity and RLC entity for each radio bearer
Independent L2 dynamic scheduling on each CC
Separate HARQ entities and retransmissions for CCs
* The CA UE still has only one RRC connection with the network (in the PCell) and is allocated only one C-RNTI.
The PCell transmits NAS messages for the UE.
** The PUCCH exists only in the PCell.
*** The number of downlink SCCs is greater than or equal to the number of uplink SCCs.
**** If a radio link failure (RLF) occurs in the PCell, an RRC connection reestablishment procedure is triggered.

Overview – CA Solution
2CC CA 2CC of multiple CCs 3CC CA UL CA FDD+TDD CA
F1 F1
F1
Technology F1 (UL) FDD
F2 F2
F2
F2 (UL) TDD
F3 F3
Inter-eNB CA HetNet CA Frequency-based CA
F1 BBU F1
BBU F1
Scenario
F2 F2 F2
F2 BBU F2
Blind SCell Configuration Handover with SCC Configuration

PCC (F1)
Performance F1 F1
Optimization SCC (F2)
F2 F2
SCC (F2)

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

Principle Concepts
PCell
A primary serving cell (PCell) is the cell on which a CA UE camps. In the PCell, the CA UE works in the same way as
it does in a 3GPP Release 8 or Release 9 cell. The physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) of the UE exists only in
the PCell.
SCell
A secondary serving cell (SCell) is a cell that works at a different frequency from the PCell. The eNodeB configures an
SCell for a CA UE through an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. An SCell provides the CA UE with more
radio resources. The CA UE can have only downlink SCells or both downlink and uplink SCells.
CC
Component carriers (CCs) are the carriers that are aggregated for a CA UE.
PCC
The primary component carrier (PCC) is the carrier of the PCell.
SCC
A secondary component carrier (SCC) is the carrier of an SCell.
PCC Anchoring
During PCC anchoring, the eNodeB selects a high-priority cell as the PCell for the UE.

Principle Concepts(Related Event)
Event A2 : indicates that the signal quality of the serving cell becomes lower than a specific threshold.
Event A3: indicates that the signal quality of the PCell's neighboring cell becomes higher than that of the PCell.
Event A4: indicates that the signal quality of a neighboring cell becomes higher than a specific threshold.
Event A5: indicates that the signal quality of the PCell becomes lower than a specific threshold and the signal quality of a
neighboring cell becomes higher than another specific threshold.
Event A6: indicates that the signal quality of an SCell's intra-frequency neighboring cell becomes higher than that of the
SCell. If the eNodeB receives an event A6 report, it changes the SCell while keeping the PCell unchanged.
The entering condition for event A6 is as follows: Mn + Ocn - Hys > Ms + Ocs + Off.
The following explains the variables involved:

Mn is the RSRP measurement result of a neighboring cell.
Ocn is the cell-specific offset for an intra-frequency neighboring cell. The offset is specified by the EutranIntraFreqNCell.
CellIndividualOffset parameter.
Hys is the hysteresis for event A6. The value of this variable is always 0.
Ms is the RSRP measurement result of the serving cell.
Ocs is the cell-specific offset for the serving cell. The offset is specified by the
Cell.CellSpecificOffset parameter.
Off is the offset for event A6. The offset is specified by the CaMgtCfg.CarrAggrA6Offset parameter.

Principle Concepts(SCC Status)
PDSCH
PDCCH
3 status for CA UEs: SCC SCC
• Single CC: same as a non-CA UE PCC
PCC
• SCC_Activated
PU CH
PU
PU CH
PU
ActivationDeactivation
CC
•
S
SCC_Deactivated
CC
S
H
PD CH
H
H
PD CH
SC
H
C
SC
PD
C
PD
Activation (by traffic)
 RLC buffer length > max (RLC data rate * ActiveBufferDelayThd,
ActiveBufferLenThd)
 Delay of the first RLC PDU > ActiveBufferDelayThd
Deactivate (by traffic)
Note:  RLC data rate ≤ DeactiveThroughputThd
• Only eNodeBs can deactivate or remove SCells (SCells can  RLC buffer length ≤ DeactiveBufferLenThd
be deactivated, but PCells cannot).
Deactivate (by CQI)
 CQI ≤ SccDeactCqiThd
Principle Concepts(SCC Activation Threshold)
SCC activation threshold:
Buffer Length: It indicates how many bits are there in the buffer waiting to be scheduled to send to UE via UU interfac
e. It's not related to Throughput.
Here below is a case to illustrate this definition:

 By default in Huawei eNodeB, ActiveBufferDelayThd = 50ms, ActiveBufferLenThd = 9KB
 In case of single UE doing TCP download of 70Mbps, we observe the RLC Buffer Length is around 3Mbit and RLC
First Packet Delay is about 40ms. As a result, the above SCC activation conditions will not be met and eNodeB will
not active CA UE's SCC.
 RLC Buffer Length(3Mbit) < max (RLC data rate * ActiveBufferDelayThd, ActiveBufferLenThd) = max(70Mbps*
50ms, 9KB*8) = 3.5Mbit, in this calculation RLC data rate * ActiveBufferDelayThd is larger and is used for com
parison.
 RLC First Packet Delay (40ms) < ActiveBufferDelayThd (50ms)
 When RLC data rate=0 (e.g. due to poor UU quality), suppose the actual buffer length is still 3Mbit as above and A
ctiveBufferLenThd is set to 9KB. In this case we need to compare the actual buffer length and ActiveBufferLenThd.
As 3Mbit > 72Kbit, the first condition is met.

Principle Concepts(PCC/SCC Priority)
Flexible CA in 3-carrier scenarios 2.6 GHz
 Aggregation of two CCs out of three carriers is based on UE capabilities and carrier PreferredPCellPriori
ty = 0
management principles.
 An eNodeB selects the cell with the highest PreferredPCellPriority as the PCell and then
selects the cell with the highest SCellPriority as an SCell for a UE. PreferredPCellPriori 2.1 GHz
 Blind-configurable SCells are preferred among all candidate SCells with an identical ty = 1
priority. (Only the CA-group-based method supports blind configuration.)
PreferredPCellPriori
850 MHz
ty = 0
PreferredP 2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz 850 MHz

Bandwidth Band
CellPriority (SCellPriority/B or M) (SCellPriority/B or M) (SCellPriority/B or M)
20 MHz 2.6 GHz 0 2/Blind 1/Blind
10 MHz 2.1 GHz 1 1/Measurement-based 2/Blind
10 MHz 850 MHz 0 1/Measurement-based 2/Measurement-based
ENodeBAlgoSwitch.CaAlgoSwitch: Example:
SCellBlindConfSwitch = ON When a CA UE initiates an RRC connection in the 2.6 GHz cell, the
PccAnchorSwitch = ON eNodeB changes the PCell to the 2.1 GHz cell for the UE and then
selects the blind-configurable 850 MHz cell as an SCell.

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

CA Configuration Mode
CA-group-based configuration Frequency-based configuration
Adaptive configuration
Compared with frequency-based

configuration, adaptive configuration
supports blind SCell configuration. In
addition to PCC and SCC attribute
This mode requires that PCC and
settings, the adaptive mode requires
This mode requires that cells be SCC attributes be set for E-
that CaGroupSCellCfg.
configured into a CA group, only UTRAN frequencies, only the cells
SCellBlindCfgFlag be set to
the cells in the group can be on these frequencies can be
TRUE(TRUE) for candidate SCells.
aggregated. aggregated.

CA Configuration Mode(CA Group)
 CA-group-based configuration mode requires that cells be configured into a CA group, only the
cells in the group can be aggregated.
CA Group basic configuration:

• CaGroup
- CaGroupId = 0;
• CaGroupCell
- eNodeBId = 123, LocalCellId = 0, PreferredPCellPriority = 2
- eNodeBId = 123, LocalCellId = 1, PreferredPCellPriority = 1
• CaGroupSCellCfg
- LocalCellId= 0, SCelleNodeBId = 123, SCellLocalCellLId = 1, SCellPriority = 2, SCellBlindCfgFlag = FALSE;
- LocalCellId= 1, SCelleNodeBId = 123, SCellLocalCellLId = 0, SCellPriority = 0, SCellBlindCfgFlag = FALSE;
* If SCellPriority set to be 0, then the related cell not able to be configured to be SCC for the PCC. For example, as configuration
as above, the cell0 is not able to be configured as SCC for cell1.
* If SCellBlindCfgFlag set to be false, then the Scell is configured by the A4 measurement result. And if it set to be true, then
configure the Scell by blind mode.

CA Configuration Mode(Frequency-based configuration)
 Frequency-based configuration mode requires that PCC and SCC attributes be set for E-UTRAN
frequencies, only the cells on these frequencies can be aggregated.
FCA basic configuration:

(It require for the promptly inter frequency neighbor cell relation)
/* Modify eNodeB Algorithm Switch Settings */
MOD ENODEBALGOSWITCH:CaAlgoSwitch=SccBlindCfgSwitch-0&FreqCfgSwitch-1& AdpCaSwitch
-0&SccA2RmvSwitch-1&SccModA6Switch-1;
• /* Modify PCC Frequency Configuration */

MOD PCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=100, PreferredPccPriority=2, PccA4RsrpThd=-105, PccA4RsrqThd=-20;
MOD PCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=1825, PreferredPccPriority=1, PccA4RsrpThd=-105, PccA4RsrqThd=-20;
• /* Modify SCC Frequency Configuration */

MOD SCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=100, SccDlEarfcn=1825, SccPriority=1, SccA2Offset=0, SccA4Offset=0;
MOD SCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=1825, SccDlEarfcn=100, SccPriority=2, SccA2Offset=0, SccA4Offset=0;

CA Configuration Mode(Adaptive configuration)
 Adaptive configuration supports blind SCell configuration compared with frequency-based
configuration. In addition to PCC and SCC attribute settings, the adaptive mode requires that
CaGroupSCellCfg.SCellBlindCfgFlag be set to TRUE(TRUE) for candidate SCells.
Adaptive CA basic configuration:

(It require for the promptly inter frequency neighbor cell relation)
/* ADD eNodeB Algorithm Switch Settings */
ADD ENODEBALGOSWITCH:CaAlgoSwitch=SccBlindCfgSwitch-0&FreqCfgSwitch-1& AdpCaSwitch -1&SccA2RmvSwitch-
1&SccModA6Switch-1;
• /* ADD PCC Frequency Configuration */

ADD PCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=100, PreferredPccPriority=2, PccA4RsrpThd=-105, PccA4RsrqThd=-20;
ADD PCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=1825, PreferredPccPriority=1, PccA4RsrpThd=-105, PccA4RsrqThd=-20;
• /* ADD SCC Frequency Configuration */

ADD SCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=100, SccDlEarfcn=1825, SccPriority=1, SccA2Offset=0, SccA4Offset=0;
ADD SCCFREQCFG:PccDlEarfcn=1825, SccDlEarfcn=100, SccPriority=2, SccA2Offset=0, SccA4Offset=0;
• /* ADD CA group Scell configuration */

ADD CAGROUPSCELLCFG:LocalCellId=0, SCelleNodeBId=198842, SCellLocalCellId=50, SCellBlindCfgFlag=TRUE,
SCellPriority=2, SCellA4Offset=0, SCellA2Offset=0;
ADD CAGROUPSCELLCFG:LocalCellId=1, SCelleNodeBId=198842, SCellLocalCellId=51, SCellBlindCfgFlag=TRUE,
SCellPriority=2, SCellA4Offset=0, SCellA2Offset=0;

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

CA Application Scenario
Intra-eNodeB co-coverage Intra-eNodeB different-coverage
eRAN6.0 carriers carriers
Scene Recomm eRAN7.0 eRAN8.1
Sub Scene Typical Character Planning Scene ended Recommended Recommended
Dense Urban/ Adaptive CA + Blind

CaGroup + Blind SCC
Urban SCC, A2/A6
Sub Urban / High Frequency->Low

Different frequencies Rural Frequency ： Blind CA
Same Cell co- Intra-eNodeB carriers (one
under same cell have (High frequency Group Intra-eNodeB carriers (one for macro
coverage CaGroup Adaptive CA provided by the site; another
Intra same azimuth. and Low Low Frequency->High
+ Frequency:
Measurement based coverage; another for edge provided by RRHs)
frequency have SCC, A2/A6
eNodeB coverage)
different Measure CaGroup
coverage +Measurement based
ment
distance) SCC ， A2
based
Different frequencies Frequency-CA + Adaptive CA +
Same cell different- SCC
under same cell have NA Measurement based Measurement based
coverage SCC ， A2/A6 SCC, A2/A6
different azimuth.
Asymmetric SFN or Frequency-CA + Adaptive CA +
Intra/Inter Different cell co-
the other frequency NA Measurement based Measurement based
eNodeB coverage SCC ， A2/A6 SCC, A2/A6
provided by RRHs.
Inter-eNodeB CA based on coordinated BBUs Inter-eNodeB CA based on relaxed backhaul

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

CA Scheduler in Full Load
› Policy A -- Basic Scheduling  Policy B -- Differentiated Scheduling
» In case 1, a CA UE occupies RBs on both CCs, but the t  Compared with basic scheduling, differentiated scheduling
otal number of RBs is same as the number for a non-CA
UE on the PCC. can detect whether user distribution is even or not. CA UEs
» In case 2, a CA UE occupies RBs only on the SCC. The are treated as individual UEs on each CC.
100 RBs on the PCC are all allocated to non-CA UEs, wit
h 25 RBs per UE.
PCC CA UE
SCC Non-CA UE
40 40 Case 1 33 33
20 User distribution 33
Case 1
User distribution 20 is even 33
is even 40 40 33 33
25 25 25 25 0 Case 2 20 20 20 20
Case 2 PCC has more
20
PCC has more 50 users 50
users 50 50

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

DL 3CC CA
850M 2.1G 2.6G Implementation:

 Use of differentiated scheduling triples the peak dat
150 Mbit/s a rate.

 Load is rapidly balanced among the 3CCs.
850M 2.1G
 PUCCH format 3 is introduced for transmission of u
300 Mbit/s
plink feedback for 3CC.
850M 2.1G 2.6G
225 Mbit/s  In a network with 3CC CA activated, UEs that supp
850M 2.6G ort 2CC CA can work normally.
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

DL 3CC CA: Carrier Management
SCell configuration/removal:
 After a 3CC-CA-capable UE accesses or is handed over to a cell, the eNodeB selects two cells based on measureme
nts or in a blind manner and sends an RRCConnectionReconfiguration message to configure the cells as SCells for th
e UE.
 If the RSRP of an SCell is lower than the threshold for event A2, the eNodeB removes the SCell. Alternatively, the eNo
deB deactivates but does not remove the SCell.
 When a UE is served by one or two carriers, the eNodeB configures an SCell for the UE (either based on measureme
nts or in a blind manner) if the traffic volume meets specific conditions.
SCell activation/deactivation:
If the traffic volume meets specific conditions, the eNodeB delivers an MAC CE to activate or deactivate both SCells.
The traffic volume evaluation criteria and thresholds are the same as those used in SCell activation for DL 2CC CA.

DL 3CC CA Activation
 Feature activation
 In CA-group-based configuration mode, configure three inter-frequency cells in each CA group.
 In frequency-based configuration mode, configure three candidate SCCs for each PCC.
 Set CaDl3CCSwitch on.
 Feature deactivation
 Set CaDl3CCSwitch off.

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

CA Optimization---CA Proportion\Throughput Optimization
CA Proportion 、 Throughput Optimization
Coverage Threshold CA Traffic Threshold CA Algorithm Threshold Ping-Pong handover PCI Collision
Increase the A2 threshold and Check the network handover
Reduce the traffic activate Adjust the SCC Configuration Interval
SCC Configuration Interval, to Check the PCI collision and
to increase the CA activation ratio. threshold to reduce the ping-
threshold to improve the CA confusion, reduce the probability
increase the CA proportion. pong handover events.
activation ratio. Set the PCC anchor configuration
Decrease the A4 threshold to of unable to configure the CA
according to the field condition to increase Resolve the ping-pong
Reduce the traffic activation
make the UE enter CA state be due to PCI collision & confusion.
the CA throughput. handover issue due to the weak
buffer threshold to improve the
quicker. coverage, non pilot coverage,
CA activation ratio. Set the Differentiated Scheduling to
increase the CA Throughput. etc.

CA Optimization---Typical issues
 The SCC is not able to be  Enable the DRX, the CA
configured after A4 reported due throughput is lower than summary  UE not able to make the
to SCC PCI collision. of two frequency throughput at intra/inter frequency handover
 eNodeB did not configure SCC for the near point(SINR=20dB). After due to PCC PCI collision. After
the UE due to inter frequency enable the DRX Receive DTX parameter optimization
neighbor cell missing. Process Switch, then issue resolved CaUeChoseMode=ANR_UE_CAP,
 SCC not able to be configured due ； then issue resolved.
to UE version.  UE compatibility issues  UE compatibility issues.
 SCC measurement report not
send due to wrong parameters
configuration.
Throughput is
Scell is not DT KPI issue
too low after
configured Scell activation
issue issue.

Contents
1 Overview
5 CA Scheduler
6 DL 3CC CA
7 CA Optimization
8 CA Counters

Legacy Counters
Counter Name Description
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.PCell.Used.Avg Average number of downlink PRBs occupied by CA UEs that use the local cell as their primary serving cell
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.SCell.Used.Avg Average number of downlink PRBs occupied by CA UEs that use the local cell as their secondary serving cell
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.Avg Average number of downlink CA UEs that use the local cell as their primary serving cells
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.Max Maximum number of downlink CA UEs that use the local cell as their primary serving cells
L.Traffic.User.SCell.DL.Avg Average number of downlink CA UEs that use the local cell as their secondary serving cells
L.Traffic.User.SCell.DL.Max Maximum number of downlink CA UEs that use the local cell as their secondary serving cells
L.Thrp.bits.DL.CAUser Total traffic volume for PDCP SDUs sent to activated CA UEs in a cell
L.Thrp.Time.DL.CAUser Total duration for activated CA UEs transmitting downlink data at the PDCP layer in a cell
L.E-RAB.AbnormRel.CAUser Number of abnormal E-RAB releases for CA UEs
L.E-RAB.NormRel.CAUser Number of normal E-RAB releases for CA UEs
L.HHO.PrepAttOut.CAUser.PCC Number of outgoing handover attempts for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.HHO.ExecAttOut.CAUser.PCC Number of outgoing handover executions for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.HHO.ExecSuccOut.CAUser.PCC Number of successful outgoing handovers for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell

Legacy Counters
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Att Number of SCell addition attempts for CA UEs (excluding the number of A6-based SCell addition attempts)
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Succ Number of successful SCell additions for CA UEs (excluding the number of A6-based SCell additions)
L.CA.DLSCell.Rmv.Att Number of SCell removal attempts for CA UEs (excluding the number of A6-based SCell removal attempts)
L.CA.DLSCell.Rmv.Succ Number of successful SCell removals for CA UEs (excluding the number of A6-based SCell removals)
Number of SCell addition attempts for CA UEs based on A4-related measurements (excluding the number of
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Meas.Att
blind SCell addition attempts)
Number of successful SCell additions for CA UEs based on A4-related measurements (excluding the number of
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Meas.Succ
blind SCell additions)
L.CA.DLSCell.Rmv.Meas.Att Number of SCell removal attempts for CA UEs based on A2-related measurements
L.CA.DLSCell.Rmv.Meas.Succ Number of successful SCell removals for CA UEs based on A2-related measurements
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Blind.Att Number of blind SCell addition attempts for CA UEs
L.CA.DLSCell.Add.Blind.Succ Number of successful blind SCell additions for CA UEs
L.CA.DLSCell.Mod.Att Number of SCell change attempts for CA UEs based on A6-related measurements
L.CA.DLSCell.Mod.Succ Number of successful SCell changes for CA UEs based on A6-related measurements
L.HHO.InterFddTdd.PrepAttOut.CAUser.PCC Number of inter-duplex-mode outgoing handover attempts for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.HHO.InterFddTdd.ExecAttOut.CAUser.PCC Number of inter-duplex-mode outgoing handover executions for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.HHO.InterFddTdd.ExecSuccOut.CAUser.PCC Number of successful inter-duplex-mode outgoing handovers for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell

Legacy Counters
Number of periodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) in single-
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.SingleCW.Periodic.X
codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
Number of periodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) in single-
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.SingleCW.Periodic.X
codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
Number of aperiodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) in single-
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.SingleCW.Aperiodic.X
codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
Number of aperiodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) in single-
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.SingleCW.Aperiodic.X
codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
Number of periodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) for codeword 0 in
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code0.Periodic.X
dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code0.Periodic.X
dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
Number of aperiodic wideband CQI reports with the value of X (0 ≤ X ≤ 15) for codeword 0
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code0.Aperiodic.X
in dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code0.Aperiodic.X
in dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code1.Periodic.X
dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code1.Periodic.X
dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code1.Aperiodic.X
in dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.CQI.DL.DualCW.Code1.Aperiodic.X
in dual-codeword transmission sent by CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell

Legacy Counters
Number of times MCS index X (0 ≤ X ≤ 31) is used for scheduling on the PDSCH for CA
L.CA.PCell.ChMeas.PDSCH.MCS.X
UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
Number of times MCS index X (0 ≤ X ≤ 31) is used for scheduling on the PDSCH for CA
L.CA.SCell.ChMeas.PDSCH.MCS.X
UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
L.CA.PCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM). Number of TBs initially transmitted on the downlink SCH in QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
TB modulation mode for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM). Number of TBs initially transmitted on the downlink SCH in QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
TB modulation mode for CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
L.CA.PCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM). Number of downlink error TBs after initial transmission in QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
ErrTB.Ibler modulation mode for CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCell
L.CA.SCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM). Number of downlink error TBs after initial transmission in QPSK/16QAM/64QAM
ErrTB.Ibler modulation mode for CA UEs that use the local cell as their SCell
Number of downlink error TBs after the maximum number of transmissions in
L.CA.PCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM).
QPSK/16QAM/64QAM modulation mode is reached for CA UEs that use the local cell as
ErrTB.Rbler
their PCell
Number of downlink error TBs after the maximum number of transmissions in
L.CA.SCell.Traffic.DL.SCH.QPSK(16QAM/64QAM).
QPSK/16QAM/64QAM modulation mode is reached for CA UEs that use the local cell as
ErrTB.Rbler
their SCell

Counters for DL 3CC CA

L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.3CC.Avg Average number of 3CC CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCells in the downlink
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.3CC.Max Maximum number of 3CC CA UEs that use the local cell as their PCells in the downlink
Average number of CA UEs with the local cell as their PCell and with all configured two SCCs
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.3CC.Active.Avg
activated
Maximum number of CA UEs with the local cell as PCell and with all configured two SCCs
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.3CC.Active.Max
activated
L.CA.DL.PCell.3CC.Act.Dur Duration of CA UEs with the local cell as their PCell and with all configured two SCCs activated
Downlink PDCP-layer traffic volume of CA UEs that are in the 3CC CA state and treat the local
L.Thrp.bits.DL.3CC.CAUser
as their PCell with two SCells activated

Counters for Inter-eNodeB CA Based on Relaxed Backhaul
Average number of downlink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.RelaxedBackhaulCA.Avg
PCell
Maximum number of downlink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their
L.Traffic.User.PCell.DL.RelaxedBackhaulCA.Max
PCell
Average number of downlink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their
L.Traffic.User.SCell.DL.RelaxedBackhaulCA.Avg
SCell
Maximum number of downlink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their
L.Traffic.User.SCell.DL. RelaxedBackhaulCA.Max
SCell
Total duration for sending downlink data to active downlink relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs at
L.Thrp.Time.DL.RelaxedBackhaulCAUser
the PDCP layer in a cell
Total PDCP-layer traffic volume of downlink data sent to active relaxed-backhaul-based inter-eNodeB CA UEs
L.Thrp.bits.DL.RelaxedBackhaulCAUser
in a cell
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.PCell.RelaxedBackhaulCAUsed.Avg Number of downlink PRBs occupied by inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their PCell
L.ChMeas.PRB.DL.SCell.RelaxedBackhaulCAUsed.Avg Number of downlink PRBs occupied by inter-eNodeB CA UEs that treat the local cell as their SCell
Number of times inter-eNodeB CA based on relaxed backhaul stops because the inter-eNodeB transmission
L.Traffic.User.PCell.RelaxedBackhaulCA.OFF
delay does not meet the requirement

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Independent L2 dynamic scheduling on each CC

Separate HARQ entities and retransmissions for CCs

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Inter-eNB CA HetNet CA Frequency-based CA

Blind SCell Configuration Handover with SCC Configuration

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The following explains the variables involved:

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Here below is a case to illustrate this definition:

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PreferredP 2.6 GHz 2.1 GHz 850 MHz

20 MHz 2.6 GHz 0 2/Blind 1/Blind

10 MHz 2.1 GHz 1 1/Measurement-based 2/Blind

10 MHz 850 MHz 0 1/Measurement-based 2/Measurement-based

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Compared with frequency-based

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CA Group basic configuration:

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FCA basic configuration:

• /* Modify PCC Frequency Configuration */

• /* Modify SCC Frequency Configuration */

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Adaptive CA basic configuration:

• /* ADD PCC Frequency Configuration */

• /* ADD SCC Frequency Configuration */

• /* ADD CA group Scell configuration */

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Dense Urban/ Adaptive CA + Blind

Sub Urban / High Frequency->Low

Inter-eNodeB CA based on coordinated BBUs Inter-eNodeB CA based on relaxed backhaul

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850M 2.1G 2.6G Implementation:

150 Mbit/s a rate.

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CA Proportion 、 Throughput Optimization

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L.E-RAB.AbnormRel.CAUser Number of abnormal E-RAB releases for CA UEs

L.E-RAB.NormRel.CAUser Number of normal E-RAB releases for CA UEs

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Counter Name Description

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