Module 5.

2b:
Gas Laws Part 2
Objectives
• to express the gas laws in equation form
• to use the gas laws to determine the volume, pressure,
temperature, or amount of particles of a gas under
certain conditions
• to understand the gas laws in each of their relevance
to our daily lives
Reminders
When performing calculations using the
gas laws, it is important to remember that
the temperature must be in SI unit
(Kelvin). That is why in this module, it is
referred to as the “absolute temperature”.
Avogadro's Law
The volume of a given amount of gas at a
given temperature and pressure is directly
proportional to the number of moles
contained in the volume.
V1 V 2
=
n1 n 2
Avogadro's Law
Important points:
• this law is based on Avogadro's
hypothesis that “the same molecule of
two gases at the same temperature and
pressure contain the same number of
molecules”
Avogadro's Law
Important points:
• The volume of 1.0 mole
of a gas at 0 C and 1 atm
o

is 22.4 L
Exercises
1.0 mole of a gas occupies a volume
of 22.4 L gas at 0 C and 1 atm. What
o

would be the volume of 7.5 mole of

the gas at the same temperature and
pressure?
Answers
1.0 mole of a gas occupies a volume
of 22.4 L gas at 0 C and 1 atm. What
o

would be the volume of 7.5 mole of

the gas at the same temperature and
pressure? 168 L
Exercises
The volume of a gas sample at 0 C
o

and 1 atm is 10.0 L. How many

moles of gas are contained in the
sample?
Answers
The volume of a gas sample at 0 C
o

and 1 atm is 10.0 L. How many

moles of gas are contained in the
sample? 0.466 mol
Ideal Gas Law
1. Volume is inversely proportional to pressure at constant
temperature (Boyles Law: PV = k)
2. Volume is directly proportional to temperature at constant
pressure (Charles's Law: V=kT)
3. Pressure is directly proportional to the temperature at
constant volume (Gay-Lussac's Law: P=kT)
4. Volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of
gas present at constant temperature and pressure
(Avogadro's Law: V=kn)
Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT
atm • L
where k = R = 0.08206
mole • K
R is the called the “gas constant”
Ideal Gas Law

This equation is based on IDEAL

conditions, meaning that we
assume that the gas molecules
will not attract or repel each
other.
Exercises

A gas sample occupies a volume

of 12.0 L at 50 C and 700 torr.
o

How many moles of gas are

contained in the sample?
Answers

A gas sample occupies a volume

of 12.0 L at 50 C and 700 torr.
o

How many moles of gas are

contained in the sample?
0.0347 mole
Exercises

Calculate the volume that will be

occupied by 20.0 g carbon
dioxide at 25 C and 1.25 atm.
o
Answers

Calculate the volume that will be

occupied by 20.0 g carbon
dioxide at 25 C and 1.25 atm.
o

8.90 L
Exercises

What would be the pressure of

6.40 g oxygen gas in a vessel
with a volume of 4.5 L and 20 C?
o
Answers

What would be the pressure of

6.40 g oxygen gas in a vessel
with a volume of 4.5 L and 20 C?
o

1.07 atm
Ideal Gas Law
Behavior of REAL gases:
1. At high pressure, the density of the gas
increases. The molecules are much closer
to each other, and the intermolecular
forces affect the motion of the molecules.
Ideal Gas Law
Behavior of REAL gases:
2. The molecules' average kinetic energy
decreases when the temperature
decreases. This means that the force that
the gas molecules need to break away
from attraction is deprived.
Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT
m m
ρ= n=
V M
where: where:
ρ = density n = number of moles
m = mass m = mass
V = volume M = molar mass
Exercises
Determine the molar mass of the gas
having a volume of 896 cm , 3

temperature of 273 C, and mass of

o

0.96 g at standard atmospheric

pressure.
Answers
Determine the molar mass of the gas
having a volume of 896 cm , 3

temperature of 273 C, and mass of

o

0.96 g at standard atmospheric

pressure. 32 g/mol
Exercises

What is the density of a gas

with molar mass 100 g/mol at
0.5 atm and 27 C?
o
Answers

What is the density of a gas

with molar mass 100 g/mol at
0.5 atm and 27 C? 2.03 g/L
o