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e r t he

es u n d
i li ppi n n y
Ph n C o lo
ri c a
Ame
American Colonial Policy

• They promised to train the Filipinos in Democracy and Self-


Government. They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free
and independent nation
• They shared power with the Filipinos in the government. Human Rights
were protected. They developed the economy, improved hygiene and
sanitation, and introduced the public school system.
American Colonial
Government
• Military Government (August 1898-July 1901)
– Gen. Wesley Merritt
– Gen. Elwell Otis
– Gen. Arthur MacArthur (Father of Douglas MacArthur)
• Civil Government (July 1901-August 1902)
– The Philippine Commission
– The American Gov. Gen. together with the Philippine Assembly or
the Philippine Legislature
– The Commonwealth of the Philippines
Contributions of the Americans
to the Philippines

• Economic Progress:
– Population Explosion
– New Land Policy
• Friars land were resold to Filipino farmers
• Homestead Act of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public
land
• Torrens titles were given to the land owner
Contributions of the Americans
to the Philippines

– Agriculture Increase
• In 1902, the Bureau of Agriculture became the first gov’t agency in the Philippines
– Free Trade America
– Business Flourished
– New Industries
– Improvement of Transportation and Communications
– Better Budget
– New Banks
– International Exhibitions and Meetings
Economic Problems

– We sold our raw materials cheap and bought expensive


manufactured goods from America.
– Colonial Mentality
– Labor and peasant unrest spread in 1920s and 1930s
– American Capitalists and businessmen controlled the new
companies
Other American contributions

– Religious Freedom
– Training in Democracy
– Free Education
– Better Health Service
– Introduction of the English Language
– Free Press
– Democratic Family Life and Social Classes
– Emancipation of Women
– Recreation, Movies, Theater, Arts and Science
QUIZ:
o They promised to train the Filipinos in Democracy and (1)_______________.
They want the Philippines to stand on its own as a free and independent nation.
o In 1902, the (2) _________________ became the first gov’t agency in the
Philippines.
o The two types of American Colonial government implemented in the Philippines
were (3)__________________ and (4) ________________.
o (5) _________of 1924 allowed Filipinos to own up to 24 hectares of public
land.
al th t o
o n w e
C om m
Fr om b l ic
Rep u
The Commonwealth of the
Philippines
o After the Filipinos lost the war to the Americans in 1901, they did not really stop
fighting for independence.
o The Filipinos carried on the fight for freedom in three ways:
o Theater and Literature
o Peasant revolts and Communist Party of the Philippines
o Peaceful pressure by the Filipino politicians ending the establishment of the
Commonwealth of the Philippines in 1935. (Political Campaign for
Independence)
I. Freedom Theater and Literature

o Tagalog zaruelas became popular (1902-1905)


o Banned by the Americans
o examples: Tanikalang Ginto by Juan Abad and Kahapon, Ngayon and Bukas
by Aurelio Tolentino
o Tagalog writers wrote about the sufferings of the people.
o Lope K.Santos wrote Banaag at Sikat in 1935
o Amado V. Hernandez was both writer and labor leader
o 1907: freedom of the press and the elections
II. Peasant Revolts and Communist
Party
o Peasant Revolts in Surigao, Nueva Ecija, Iloilo, Negros Occidental,
Pangasinan, Laguna and Bulacan
o Sakdalitas: peasant revolt that took place in 1935
o Benigno Ramos: a popular writer and orator who founded the newspaper
and a political party named Sakdal
o The Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP)
o Founded in Manila by Cristano Evangelista on August 1930
o In 1931, they organized labor strikes throughout the country.
III. Political Campaign for
Independence
o After World War I, Filipino politicians united to campaign for immediate
Philippine Independence.
o Sent independent missions in the US from 1919-1935 in the hope of urging
the American Congress to grant independence to the Philippines.
o In 1932, the US Congress passed the Hare-Hawes-Cutting Law. It was
the first Philippine Independence law passed by the US. The law was passed
after the 1931 OSROX mission of Sen. Sergio Osmeña and House Speaker
Manuel Roxas.
III. Political Campaign for
Independence
o But the . HHC law did not push through. Osmeña & Quezon quarreled over it in
the Philippine Legislature.
o Political debate took place between the group of Senate President Manuel
Quezon who were in favor of the HHC Law against the Anti-HHC Law headed by
Osmeña & Roxas. This marked the split of the Nacionalista Party.
o The HHC Law was rejected by the Philippine Legislature in October 17, 1933.
III. Political Campaign for
Independence
o In 1934, US Congress passed the Tydings-McDuffie Law.
o The law provided that the Philippines would be independent in ten years
time.
o A transition government run by Filipinos would be established. This was
the Commonwealth of the Philippines.
The 1935 Philippine Constitution
o On July 10, 1934, 202 delegates were elected to a constitutional convention.
o The delegates met for the first time on July 30, 1934.
o Claro M. Recto was elected as convention president.
o On February 08, 1935, the new constitution was approved by the majority of the
delegates
o March 23, 1935, Pres. Franklin Roosevelt signed the constitution
o The 1935 Constitution was ratified by the Filipino people in a plebiscite on May 04,
1935
o This constitution served as the Commonwealth in the Philippines (Third Republic)
The Commonwealth of the
Philippines
o September 17, 1935: The first national election was held
o Manuel Quezon won as President and Sergio Osmeña as Vice President
o November 15, 1935, the Commonwealth was inaugurated in Luneta
o Manuel Quezon was re-elected for another term on November 1941
o The Commonwealth of the Philippines existed from 1935-1946. It was semi-independent government of
the Filipinos under the American colony.
o “I would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos than a government run like heaven by
Americans.”- President Quezon
o The experiment in this Democracy was interrupted by the Second World War
o The Commonwealth leaders went into exile in the US from 1942-1944.
QUIZ: JOKE!! Assignment Lang!

1. Be Ready for a quiz next meeting.


2. Read a book or article related to the Second World War
A. What are causes and effects of WW II in the lives of the Filipinos?
B. Explain the role played by Douglas MacArthur in this part of our history.
C. Describe the “Death March”
D. Describe the Philippines under the Japanese Rule.
E. What is a “puppet government”?

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