I couldn’t go to school because the weather was very bad.

I couldn’t go to school since/as the weather was very bad.

I couldn’t go to school because of the bad weather.
because/as/since/for/ seeing that/ in that / inas much as/ now (that)  because
of/due to/ owing to

•Although/ Even though/ though/even if/ in spite of the fact that/ Despite of the fact
that + MỆNH ĐỀ  Despite / in spite of/ regardless of
•ADJ/ADV + as/though + S V = although S V ADJ/ADV
Although he was tired, he managed to finish the project.
Tired as he was, he managed to finish the project.
Although he worked hard, he failed the exam.
Hard though he worked, he failed the exam.
1.Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun

E.g. The weather was bad  the bad weather

The test was difficult 
This car is expensive 

1. We couldn’t succeed because the problem were severe

(nghiêm trọng).  Because of
2. Though his injury was serious, he didn’t quit.
Despite
1.Noun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + adj+ Noun

E.g. The weather was bad  the bad weather

The test was difficult  the difficult test
This car is expensive  this expensive car

1. We couldn’t succeed because the problems were severe

(nghiêm trọng).  Because of the severe problems, we
couldn’t succeed.
2. Though his injury was serious, he didn’t quit.
Despite his serious injury, he didn’t quit.
2. Pronoun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj )

E.g. He was sick  his sickness

They were poor 
John is lazy 

1. He is reliable, so everybody trusts him.

Due to
2. She picked a cup of tea because she dislikes coffee.
Owing to
3. We are old, but we join the running race.
 Despite
2. Pronoun + be + adj The/ (her, his, their…) + Noun (of the adj )

E.g. He was sick  his sickness

They were poor  their poverty
John is lazy  John’s laziness

1. He is reliable, so everybody trusts him.

Due to his reliability, everybody trusts him.
2. She picked a cup of tea because she dislikes coffee.
Owing to her dislike to coffee, she picked a cup of tea.
3. We are old, but we enter the running race.
 Despite our age, we enter the running race.
3. Pronoun + verb + (adv)The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb)

E.g. He behaved badly.  his bad behavior

He manages skillfully. 
They use the light efficiently. 

1. Sarah becomes the VIP member as she visits the shop

frequently.  Thanks to
2. Though she decided instantly, she saved the kid.
Despite
3. Pronoun + verb + (adv)The/ (her, his, their…) + Adj (of the adv) + Noun (of the verb)

E.g. He behaved badly.  his bad behavior

He manages skillfully.  His skillful management
They use the light efficiently.  their efficient use of the light

1. Sarah becomes the VIP member as she visits the shop

frequently.  Thanks to Sarah’s frequent visit to the shop,
she becomes the VIP member.
2. Though she decided instantly, she saved the kid.
Despite her instant decision, she saved the kid.
4. Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing (same Subject)
E.g. He behaved badly.  his behaving badly
He worked hard, so he passed the exam.
Because of
She was intelligent, but she couldn’t answer the question.
Despite

1. He couldn’t pass the test because he didn’t work hard.

Because of
2. As they believed what he said, they lost all their money.
Owing to
4. Pronoun + verb + (O) V-ing (same Subject)
E.g. He behaved badly.  his behaving badly
He worked hard, so he passed the exam.
Because of his hard work, he passed the exam.
Because of working hard, he passed the exam.

She was intelligent, but she couldn’t answer the question.

Despite her intelligence, she couldn’t answer the question.
Despite being intelligent, she couldn’t answer the question.

1. He couldn’t pass the test because he didn’t work hard.

Because of not working hard, he couldn’t pass the test.
2. As they believed what he said, they lost all their money.
Owing to believing what he said, they lost all their money.
5. There be + Noun  The + Noun
E.g. there was a storm  the storm
There was an accident, so the traffic was stuck.
Due to
I couldn’t go to school because the weather was very bad.
I couldn’t go to school since/as the weather was very bad.
I couldn’t go to school because of the bad weather.
because/as/since/for/ seeing that/ in that / inas much as/ now (that)  because
of/due to/ owing to

•Although/ Even though/ though/even if/ in spite of the fact that/ Despite of the fact
that + MỆNH ĐỀ  Despite / in spite of/ regardless of
•ADJ/ADV + as/though + S V = although S V ADJ/ADV
Although he was tired, he managed to finish the project.
Tired as he was, he managed to finish the project.
Although he worked hard, he failed the exam.
Hard though he worked, he failed the exam.