Metallic and Ionic

Nanoparticles
Extendable Structures:
Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption
 Nanoparticles

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 Nanoparticles

Think
Coordination Numbers!

Extendable Structures: Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption 3

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 Nanoparticles

Attracted to lots of nearest neighbors

High Coordination Numbers

Extendable Structures: Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption 4
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 Nanoparticles

Attracted to few nearest neighbors

Low Coordination Numbers

Extendable Structures: Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption 5
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 Nanoparticles
Surface atoms have
Higher energy!
E (surface - E (interior = E (surface)
atoms) atoms)

Surface Energy!
Extendable Structures: Reactivity, Catalysis, Adsorption 6
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 Nanoparticles
Metallic Crystal
Nanoparticle

Smaller Sample Larger Sample

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 Nanoparticles

…is where the interactions that

result in changes in physical
and chemical properties occur.
…is where chemical reactions take
place.
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 Nanoparticles
Factors that affect the RATE of
chemical reactions
1. Size of reaction particles and
increasing surface area
2. Concentrations of reactants
3. Temperature
4. Presence of a catalyst
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 Nanoparticles
What factors account for the increase in
reaction rates of chemical processes at the
nanoscale level?
As the size of nanoscale particles decreases,

the surface area to volume ratio increases.

Therefore, the surface energy increases!

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 Nanoparticles
Adsorption takes place at the surface.

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 Nanoparticles
7 grams of nanoparticles (four nm) have
a surface area equivalent to a football
field

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 Nanoparticles
Catalytic reactions takes place at the surface.

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 Nanoparticles
Nanowires

Gold Catalytic
Surface

Scanning Electron Microscop (SEM)

showing the vertical growth of nanowires
on a gold catalytic surface for electronic
devices (Stanford Nanofabrication Facility)

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 Metallic and Ionic Nanoparticles

 Decreases in the size of particles

 Increases in surface area

Increase the rates of some

chemical reactions

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 Nanoparticles
Iron nanoparticles in YOUR backyard?

http://www.phschool.com/science/science_news/articles/special_treatment.html

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 Making Connections
1. What chemical properties were
most effected by surface energy?
2. How were the chemical properties
affected by surface energy?
3. What physical properties might be
affected by surface energy?

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© McREL 2009
 Module Flow Chart
Lesson 1.1 What is Lesson 1.2 What Lesson 1.3 What Poster Assessment Lesson 2.1 Extendable
Nanoscience? Makes Nanoscience Makes Nanoscience so Solids
so Different? Important? Students will further
What is investigate the essential As the size of the
Nanoscience? What makes Interdisciplinary question that they have sample decreases the
Examine and Nanoscience so science considered throughout the ratio of surface
Compare size: different? The development of module: How and why do particles to interior
macro, micro, sub- Compare Newtonian new technologies and the chemical and physical particles increases in
micro (nano) and Quantum instrumentation properties of nanosamples ionic and metallic
SI prefixes Chemistry Regimes as applications whose risk differ from those of solids
they relate to and benefits have yet to macrosamples?
nanoscale science be determined

Lesson 2.2 Extendable Lesson 2.3 Lesson 3.1 Lesson 3.2

Solids: Reactivity, Catalysis, Extendable Structures: Carbon Chemistry Fullerenes and Nanotubes
Adsorption Melting Point, Color
Conductivity
The difference between the
energy at the surface atoms
and energy of the interior
atoms results in increased
surface energy at the
nanoscale

Higher surface energy

allowing for increased
reactivity, adsorption, and
catalysis at the nanoscale

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© McREL 2009