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design of “bandhara”
Guided by: Co-guide:
Prof. CHETAN KAREKAR Prof. IS Khan
Submitted by-
Prachi Mahadeo Sonkusare Poonam Ashok Sharma
Bandhara is the Marathi term for weir with vents as these are practised in Maharashra. The vents have
removable shutters held in groves in peirs. The vents are kept open during floods to carry away heavy silt. The
Bandharas catch the base flow of streams and utilize it to provide irrigation to crops. In many cases, the water is
pumped out of the Bandharas and conveyed to higher elevations.
They are popular as they can serve dual purpose of crossing as well as a water storage structures. Such structure
has been used to tap post-monsoon flow to create storage not exceeding 3.5 metre.
There is urgent need of time to save and utilised after monsoon water that would have been blown away. Most
part of the state the stream sundry only a short period after the end of monsoon. In many areas artificial water is
supplied by tanker just after monsoon.
It is urgent need of time to plan and extend the purpose of bandhara infrastructure to harness the water. New
projects as well as existing bAndhara can be extended to tap the water with suitable necessary arrangements.
Administrative reforms study plan to elevate the water availability of arid areas.
Literature review
Bandhara irrigation scheme is minor irrigation scheme in which direct irrigation is
practiced. Bandhara is the Marathi term for weir with vents as these are practiced
in Maharashtra. The vents have removable shutters held in groves in piers. The
vents are kept open during flood to carry away heavy silt. In many cases, the
water is pumped out of the Bandharas and conveyed to higher elevations. It is
urgent need of time to plan and extend the purpose of bridges infrastructure to
harness the water. Bandhara can be a storage structure and used as groundwater
recharge, irrigation, and drinking for industry purpose. It can be used for the site
condition for Bandhara site where rock site where rock is available at Shallow
depth.
Advantages of bandhara irrigation:
1) The system of irrigation has low initial cost.
2) Small quantities of water which would have otherwise gone waste is utilised to a
malximum in this a maximum in this system.
3) ength of canal and distribution system being small, seepage and evaporation
losses are very less.
Method of Design
Design shall be done as per following:
RCC footings/ Raft Limit state method of design RCC
columns/piers: Limit state method of design RCC
beams and slabs: Limit state method of design
Retaining wall/Embankment: Working stress/ Limit state method of design
RCC water retaining structures: Working stress method of design
Steel Structures: Limit State/ Working Stress method of design
Weir: Working stress method of design
RCC water retaining structures: Working stress method of design Steel
Structures: Limit State/ Working Stress method of design.
Design and Analysis
The analysis for all structures (RCC as well as Steel Structures) is to be carried out by
STAAD-pro or Employer’s approved software and designs of the same for the
worst/governing combination as per relevant BIS codes or International Standard (IS)
Specifications/Codes of Practice (all latest and up to date amendments).
General Requirements-
The cross sections for embankment are to be designed to suit the characteristics of the best
quality soils available in the vicinity of the proposed work. If the contractor proposes to use
any other type of soils than those mentioned in the design pursuant to the relevant I.S Code
and standard specification. The contractor has to form the embankment to the approved
profiles.
Embankment shall be built to the height, top width and side slopes as shown in the
drawings. All the edges of the embankment shall be neatly aligned symmetrical to the center
line. They shall be absolutely straight in all reaches except at bends. At bends they shall be
smoothly curved.
The top of each embankment shall be leveled and finished so as to be suitable for road way
and given a cross slope to drain away rainwater.
The bank carrying road shall be given a suitable cross slope.
Approval of Designs and Drawings
EPC contractor shall submit the Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) for the work and
equipment used in the work. The QAP will indicate clearly the tests to be carried out
which will be as per relevant BIS codes and as specified in technical specifications of
the tender documents. The QAP shall be approved by Employer.
The Engineer-in-Charge can depute third party inspector /consultant’s representative /
Client representative to witness the tests as per approval given for quality assurance
Plan and technical specifications given in the tender.
Approval from Engineer-In-Charge to the Contractor’s design or drawings shall not
relieve the contractor of any of his contractual obligations or liabilities under the
Contract or his responsibilities for correctness of dimensions, materials of
construction, weights, quantities, design details, assembly fits, performance
particulars and conformity of the suppliers with the Indian statutory laws as may be
applicable, nor does it limit the Engineer-in-Charge’s rights under the Contract.
Salient features
Name of work: Cement plug Bandhara at kitali, Taluka: chandrapur
Catchment area = 0.9 square mile= 233.1 hectare
Storage capacity = 9.60 TCM
Proposed irrigable area = 9.5 hectare
AHFL RL = 102.0 m
HFL RL = 102 m
FTL R L = 101.5 m
Weir top RL= 101.5 m
NQL RL= 100.00 m
Foundation bed RL = 98.20 m
Weir bottom RL = 98.50 m
Storage height =1.50 m
FB = 0.50 m
Length of bandhara = 12 m
Estimation cost = ----
Bed gradient of nala = 1:460
Cost/TCM = 40804/TCM
HYDRAULIC DESIGN CALCULATION
A) Design of Bandhara
B] Scouring depth
1) D = F * Q⅓
F = 0.47
= 0.47 * 2069. 839⅓
= 5.989 ft
= 1.825 m
2) D = HFL - FTL
=102.00 - 101.50
= 0.50 m
3) D = FTL - LST
= 101.50 - 100.00 = 1.50 m {Average 1.825 m + 0.5 m +1.50 m = 1.275 m}
Bottom RL of bed:-
= NBL - Q
= 100.00 - 1.275
= 98.725 m
Provide = 98.2 m
Length = 3 * √(0.50*1.50)
= 2.60 m
2) Depth = ¼ of the length
= ¼ * 2.60
= 0.43 m
Provide depth = 1.5 m
3) Length of D/S approx. = 3*(d+h)
= 3* (0.50 + 1.50) = 6.00 m
Provide 6 m
L section of nallah
Capacity table
Conclusion
The purpose of our project work is to design the bandhara with reference of
existing bandhara situated at kitali, Ta-Chandrapur ,motive of our work is by
changing the design dada ,design the bandhara which should more
economical than the existing bandhara from the 4 3 design steps and
calculations, see the salient features, design data. From above calculations we
design the economical bandhara and also checked the various forces acting
on it, our bandhara is safe in various forces, also you can see the stability
calculations and we have taken the conditions and checked stability.
Summary
To design the bandhara, or any concrete structures the main thing is that it should
be economical and safe. The perfect balance of this two factor main thing is it is
rarely occurs. We all represented our project work that is design of bandhara.
Our project fulfilled the requirements, catchment area is 0.9sq.mile = 233 storage
and storage capacity = 0.60TCM Discharge (Q) = 2069.839 cuses .