MODULE 4-GREEN BUILDING

• LEED
• NBC
• GRIHA
• ISHRAE
• IGBC
• ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGS

SUBMITTED BY-
SRIJAN,GANESH,ANUSHA,AGANITHA,S
OWJANYA,BASIL,RACHANA,MEGHANA
,VIVEKAND NIDHI
LEED
Brief history of USGBC
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), co-founded by Mike Italiano, David Gottfried and Rick
Fedrizzi in 1993, is a non-profit trade organization that promotes sustainability in how buildings
are designed, built, and operated. USGBC is best known for the development of the LEED green
building rating systems.

What is LEED?
•LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design) is a voluntary, market•-driven program that
provides third-party verification of green buildings.

•From individual buildings and homes, to entire

neighbourhoods and communities, LEED is
transforming the way built environments are
designed, constructed, and operated.
Comprehensive and flexible, LEED addresses the
entire lifecycle of a building.

•It provides building owners and operators with a

framework for identifying and implementing practical
and measurable green building design, construction,
operations and maintenance solutions.
 How LEED works?
For commercial buildings and neighbourhoods, to earn LEED certification, a project must
satisfy all LEED prerequisites and earn a minimum 40 points on a 110-point LEED rating
system scale. Homes must earn a minimum of 45 points on a 136-point scale.

• Projects earn points to satisfy green building requirements.

• Within each of the LEED credit categories, projects must satisfy prerequisites and earn
points.
• The number of points the project earns determines its level of LEED certification.
 Why LEED?
LEED-certified buildings are designed to:

• Lower operating costs and increase asset

value
• Reduce waste sent to landfills
• Conserve energy and water
• Be healthier and safer for occupants
• Reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions
 MAIN CREDIT CATEGORIES:
• Sustainable sites credits encourage strategies that minimize the impact on ecosystems and wat
resources.

• Water efficiency credits promote smarter use of water, inside and out, to reduce potable water
consumption.

• Energy & atmosphere credits promote better building energy performance through innovative
strategies.

• Materials & resources

credits encourage using
sustainable building
materials and reducing
waste.

• Indoor environmental
quality credits promote better
indoor air quality and access to
daylight and views.
OTHER CREDIT CATEGORIES:
• Awareness & Education encourage home builders and real estate professionals to
provide homeowners, tenants and building managers with the education and tools they
need to understand and make the most of the green building features of their home.

• Innovation & Design address sustainable building expertise as well as design measures
not covered
under the five LEED credit categories. Six bonus points are available in this category.

• Location & Linkages encourage construction on previously developed or infill sites and
promotes walkable neighborhoods with access to efficient transportation options and
open space.

• Green infrastructure & buildings credits

reduce the environmental consequences
of the construction and operation of
buildings and infrastructure.

•Regional priority credits address regional

environmental priorities for buildings in
different geographic regions. Four bonus
points are available in this category.
RATING SYSTEM SCALE FOR LEED PLATINUM:
SUSTAINABLE
SITES WATER
15-21 EFFICIEN
CY 8-11

ENERGY &
ATMOSPHE INDOOR ENV.
RE 23-37 QUALITY
9-17
MATERIALS &
RESOURCES INNOVATION IN
OPERATION
3-14 +4

BONU
S 0-
10
 HOW TO
CATEGORIES OF LEED:REGISTER
A
PROJECT:
1.
CHOOSE

2.
REGISTER

3.
SUBMIT

4.
REVIEW

5.
CERTIFY
HOW LEED CONRTIBUTES:
LEED for New Construction & Major Renovations addresses design and construction activities
for both new buildings and major renovations of existing buildings, which includes major HVAC
improvements, significant envelope modifications, and major interior rehabilitation.

LEED for Existing Buildings helps maximize the efficiency of your operations while
minimizing the impact on the environment by:

• exterior building site maintenance programs • sustainable purchasing policies

• water and energy use • waste stream management
• environmentally preferred products and • ongoing indoor environmental
practices for cleaning and alterations quality.

LEED for Commercial Interiors is the recognized system for certifying high-performance
green tenant spaces that are healthy, productive places to work; are less costly to operate
and maintain.

INTERIOR OF MCAMI/CT SCAN

SUITE
 LEED for Core & Shell can be used for projects where the developer controls the
design and construction of the entire core and shell base building (e.g.,
mechanical, electrical, plumbing, and fire protection
systems) but has no control over the design and construction of the tenant fit-out.

LEED for Homes promotes the design and construction of high-performance homes – energy
efficient, resource efficient, and healthy for occupants. A home that achieves LEED
certification has been designed to maximize fresh air indoors, minimizing exposure to airborne
toxins and pollutants. It also has the potential to use 20-30% less energy.

THE VANDEMUSSER RESIDENCE

A LEED CERIFIED BUILDING IN NEWYORK

LEED for neighborhood contributes towards Thoughtful neighborhood planning can limit the
need for automobiles and their greenhouse gas emissions. Mixed-use development and
pedestrian-friendly streets encourage walking, bicycling and public transportation.
 LEED RATING IN INDIA:
IGBC has licensed the LEED Green Building Standard from the U.S.
Green Building Council and currently is responsible for certifying
LEED-New Construction and LEED-Core and Shell buildings in
India. There are many energy efficient buildings in India, situated
in a variety of climatic zones.

Indian Green Building Council, is continuously striving towards

wider adoption of eco-friendly / green building concepts in the
Indian Industry.
IGBC promotes a whole-building approach
to sustainability, based on the principles of
5 elements of nature [ earth, water, fire, air
& sky] by recognizing performance in the
following five key areas:

• Sustainable site development

• Water savings
• Energy efficiency
• Materials selection
• Indoor environmental quality
 IGBC Green Homes ratings are awarded according to the
following scale:
32-
•Certified 39
40-
• Silver
47
•Gold
48-59
Platinum 60-80
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LEED RATING SYSTEM IN
INDIA
•LEED India certified projects blend enhanced environmental, economic, and occupant-
oriented performance.
• They cost less to operate and maintain; are energy- and water-efficient; have higher
lease-up rates
than conventional buildings in their markets and are healthier and safer for occupants.

• Often when a LEED rating is pursued in India, it increase the cost of initial design and
construction.
•One reason for the higher cost is that sustainable construction principles may not be well
understood by the design professionals undertaking the project.
• Some of the finer points of LEED certification in India could possibly lead to
misunderstandings
between the design team, construction team, and client, which could result in delays.
•Also, there may be a lack of abundant availability of manufactured building components
 ITC GREEN CENTER is a hotels division
Headquarter located in sector-32,
ITC GREEN CENTER Gurgoan.
• It is a LEED PLATINUM certified
building with 56 points.
At 170,000 sq feet, ITC Green
Centre is the world’s largest 0%
water discharge, noncommercial
Green building, and compared to
similar buildings, ITC Green Centre
has a 30% smaller carbon footprint
with the use of sensible
technologies.
HOW IT SATISFIED THE MAIN 5 CREDIT CATEGORIES
• One of the strongest aspects of ITC Green Centre is its design. All our systems are
integrated in a way so that they can function as naturally as possible.

•For example, the L-shaped architecture of the building serves more than one function
in more than one area of the immediate environment. The central atrium allows
natural light to form in the heart of the building, thereby reducing the use of artificial
light. It also ensures that one part of the façade is always in the shade, preventing too
much heat from
entering the structure, and the cooling effect is supported moreover by the
discreet bodies of water placed in front of the building.
WATER CONSERVATION
• ITC harvests 100% of the rain that falls on the building and recycle 100% of all the water
used in the building.
• Along with the rainwater harvesting at ITC Green Centre, there are interlocking
tiles are placed
• the landscape of our building to harvest rain water through the grass that grows between
the tiles while ensuring 0% surface run-off.
ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES
•The building design has ensured that it uses as little
energy as possible in terms of basic lighting. The
architecture of ITC Green Centre allows enough
natural light to penetrate throughout the building
during daytime, so it needed very little energy to
light the building at night.
•The high albedo roof coating reduces the amount of heat absorbed by reflecting
over 90% of visible and infra red radiations away from the building. This reduces
the roof surface temperature by 30 degrees and brings down the use of energy
for air conditioning in the top floor by 10-15%.
AIR QUALITY
•The low levels of Volatile Organic Compounds in the materials used in the
construction of ITC Green Centre, in adhesives, sealants used for carpets,
composite woods and
paints ensures that there aren’t any known harmful substances in the air that
might affect inhabitants of the building.
 CONCLUSION:
LEED can be integrated into any construction or renovation project:

•By taking an integrated approach to design, LEED brings valuable environmental savings
and outcomes while also saving money through energy, water and waste reduction over
the life of the building.

•Professionals, including architects, real estate professionals, facility managers, engineers,

interior designers, landscape architects, construction managers, lenders and government
officials, all use LEED to transform the built environment.

•State and local governments across the country are adopting LEED for public-owned and
public- funded buildings. Federal agencies, including the Departments of Defense,
Agriculture, Energy, and State, have LEED initiatives.

• LEED projects are in progress in 135 different countries – among these Canada, Brazil,
Mexico and
India.
 2
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APPROACH TO
SUSTAINABILITY
3.1 The Need for Sustainable Development
3.2 Elements of Sustainability
3.3 Life Cycle Sustenance
3.4 Technology Options
3.5 Energy Efficient Design and Processes
3.6 Reduced Embodied and Operational Energy
3.7 Integrated Water Management
3.8 Operation and Maintenance of Services
3.9 Monitoring Compliances
3.10 Corporate Governance
3.11 Disaster Preparedness
3.4 Technology Options

a) Encouraging and harnessing building materials out of agricultural,

industrial and bio-wastes, which has an enormous scope.
b) Encouraging indigenous environment-friendly and acceptable
cost-effective technologies and practices in identifying and pursuing
sustainable developments.
c) Identifying and encouraging appropriate technologies for more
research and development applications.
d) Making building construction more indigenous, more adaptable to
climatic zones of India and also exceptionable to achieve the basic
provisions for sustainable development.
e) Encouraging use of traditional technologies and local vernacular
design and construction practices, which have stood the test of time
which may be blended with the modern technology applications
7.1.1 Landscape Design

• Proper landscaping helps in maintaining natural capacity of

site for storm water management, filtration, groundwater
recharge and maintenance of soil structure thereby
contributing to soil organic matter, and preventing erosion.
• It helps in moderating microclimate through evaporation,
transpiration and the uptake and storage of carbon in trees
and other vegetation
7.1.3.3 Landscape design for controlling
solar gain
• Vegetation placed in strategic locations around buildings
provides an opportunity to reduce energy consumption and
costs associated with indoor climate control for cooling.
• Trees, shaded trellises, green roofs, green facades and green
walls may be used individually or in conjunction with other
measures to increase shading both on the ground and on the
building surface.
• Deciduous trees allow access to the sun in winter and provide
shade in summer.
7.1.3.4 Vertical landscaping and roof
gardens
• Green walls or vertical landscaping along with a roof garden
may be provided as it helps in conserving energy by providing
shading, reduces heat island effect, helps (specially in dense
urban areas) in maintaining a certain biomass critical for
human health and also helps in reducing storm water flow
rates through bio-retention.
 7.2 Rainwater Harvesting – Surface
Runoff
• Two broad approaches to rain water harvesting are:
a) Storing rain water for direct use – Under this approach, for
domestic and irrigation purposes, the rainwater is directly
collected either in the natural or man-made structures such as
Nadi, Tanka, kund, sand filter bed, pond, rooftop rain water
collection structure, etc.
b) Recharging groundwater aquifers – This approach involves use
of various kinds of recharge structures, which not only arrest
the water but also promote water percolation through soil
strata to recharge the depleting aquifers.
7.5 External Lighting Design
7.5.3 External Lighting
8.1 Building Envelope
• 8.1.1 Walls
• 1) Rigid or semi rigid blocks and boards,
• 2) Boards with impact or weather resistant surfaces suitable
as exterior grade material,
• 3) Loose fill,
• 4) Foam and dry spray, and
• 5) Blankets, felts or sheets.
8.1 Building Envelope
• 8.1.2 Roofs
8.1.2 Roofs
8.1 Building Envelope
• 8.1.3 Fenestration
9 MATERIALS
• 9.1.3 Building Material
An ideal sustainable building material is not only environment
friendly, causes no adverse impact on health of occupants, is
readily available, can be reclaimed, can be recycled and is made
from renewable raw material, but also uses predominantly
renewable energy in its extraction, production and
transportation.
• Embodied energy - Embodied energy is an important factor to
be considered in the life cycle assessment of a material.
Minimizing embodied energy means minimizing the impact on
the environment.
9.2 Materials and Recommended
Sustainable Alternatives
• 9.2.1 Structural Materials
• 9.2.1.1 Cement concrete
1) Use of fly ash and slag in cement concrete
2) Rice husk ash (RHA)
3) Ready mixed concrete (RMC)
4) Geopolymer concrete
5) Use of recycled aggregate
9.2.1.2 Burnt clay bricks and
tiles
1) Hollow/perforated brick
2) Low and medium-fired bricks
3) Burnt clay fly ash bricks
4) Fly ash lime bricks
5) Red mud burnt bricks
6) Lato bricks
9.2.1.3 Traditional efficient building
materials
9.2.1.3.1 Earth construction
a) Adobe bricks
b) b) Adobe pouring construction
c) Compressed earth blocks (CEB)
d) Soil based building blocks
9.2.1.3.2 Cob walls -Cob walls are a traditional system of wall
construction done with soil along with sufficient clay, rough sand,
small stones, straw and water.
9.2.1.5 Timber
• Partitioning, paneling, cladding, false-ceiling applications and
flooring, the appropriate reconstituted wood or other panel
products such as plywood, block boards, particle boards, fiber
boards, etc., made from secondary species of wood or
plantation timber or from other lignocellulose ingredients may
be used.
9.2.1.7 Metals
• a) Use salvaged metal sections as far as possible.
• b) Use scrap steel and aluminium for non-structural
applications.
• c) Use metals with verified recycled content.
 9.2.1.8 Bamboo

• As an enduring, versatile renewable resource having low

embodied energy, bamboo can contribute to sustainable
developments and poverty alleviations.
• Bamboo-jute composite panels, bamboo boards, bamboo lathe
based partitions, flooring boards are also products which can be
used for sustainable constructions.
9.2.1.9 Mortar
a) Lime mortar
b) Cement mortar
c) Mud mortar
d) Lime sand mortar
e) Lime pozzolana mortar
 GRIHA
Source:GRIHA MAnuAl
GRIHA
(Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment)
Introduction to National Rating System - GRIHA An evaluation tool to help design, build,
operate, and maintain a resource-efficient built environment
NAME : Anusha 4SN16AT008
1.0 Green buildings: global and local perspective
%
• The construction sector poses a major challenge to the
environment. Globally, buildings are responsible for at Energy Global
least 40% of energy use\ use water
• management of construction and demolition waste and
consumpti
on
solid waste generated by occupants of building pose
another major challenge which needs attention
Raw
material
• At macro level, extensive urbanization is leading to
uncontrolled ‘heat island’ effect. Vegetation and tree
cover give way to urban areas with large expanses of
pavements, buildings, and other structures, thus
eliminating cooling provided by vegetation through
both shade and evapo transpiration. This contributes to
the formation of ground-level ozone, which is
detrimental to human health
What is a green building?
• Buildings have major environmental impacts during
their life. Hence, the need to design a green
building, the essence of which is to address all these
issues in an integrated and scientific manner
• However, it is also a proven fact that it costs less to
maintain a green building that has tremendous
environmental benefits
• depletes the natural resources to a minimum during
its construction and operation.
• aim of a green building design is to minimize the
demand on non-renewable resources, maximize the
utilization efficiency of these resources when in use,
and maximize the reuse, recycling, and utilization of
renewable resources.

• It maximizes the use of efficient building materials

and construction practices; optimizes the use of on-
site sources and sinks by bioclimatic architectural
practices;
What is a green building?

• uses minimum energy to power itself;

• uses efficient equipment to meet its
lighting, air conditioning, and other
needs;
• maximizes the use of renewable
sources of energy;
• uses efficient waste and water
management practices;
• and provides comfortable and
hygienic indoor working conditions. It
is evolved through a design process
that requires input from all concerned –
the architect;
• landscape designer;
• and the air conditioning, electrical,
plumbing, and energy consultants – to
work as a team to address all aspects of
building and system planning,
designing, construction, and operation.
Benefits of green building
• Green buildings consume 40% to 60% (\lesser electricity as compared to conventional buildings. This is
primarily because they rely on passive architectural interventions in the building design, and high
efficiency materials and technologies in the engineering design of the building.
• also attempt to work towards on-site energy generation through renewable energy utilization to cater to its
energy needs. For instance, solar thermal systems can help generate hot-water and replace the conventional
electrical geyser in buildings.
• Solar PV panels can help generate electricity which can reduce the buildings dependence on grid power.
• consume 40% to 80% (depending on the range of measures adopted) lesser water as compared to
conventional buildings. By utilizing ultra low-flow fixtures, dual plumbing systems, waste-water recycling
systems and rain-water harvesting, green buildings not only reduce their demand for water use but also
look at on-site supply options to cater to its internal and external (landscape) water demands.
• Green buildings generate lesser waste by employing waste management strategies on site. They may also
employ waste to energy or waste to resource (like manure, or compost) strategies on site, to minimize their
burden on municipal waste management facilities and land fills.
• Green buildings restrict the use of high ODP (ozone depleting potential) substances in their systems as well
as in finishes. P Green buildings offer higher image and marketability.
 ? rating programmes
Some of the successful international

• Building Research Establishment’s Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)

• Comprehensive Assessment System for Building Environmental Efficiency (CASBEE
• GBTool
• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED®)
• The Hong Kong Building Environmental Assessment Method (HK-BEAM)
Introducing GRIHA
• . TERI, being deeply committed to every aspect of
sustainable development, took upon itself the responsibility
of acting as a driving force to popularize green buildings by
developing a tool for measuring and rating a building’s
environmental performance in the context of India’s varied
climate and building practices.
• This tool, by its qualitative and quantitative assessment
criteria, would be able to ‘rate’ a building on the degree of its
‘greenness’. The rating shall evaluate the environmental • TERI (The Energy and
performance of a building holistically over its entire life Resources Institute),
cycle, thereby providing a definitive standard for what a dynamic and
constitutes a ‘green building’. flexible organization
• The guidelines/criteria appraisal may be revised every three with a global vision
and a local focus,
years to take into account the latest scientific developments was established in
during this period 1974. Initially the
focus was on
documentation and
information
dissemination
• , TERI is deeply
committed to every
aspect of sustainable
development.
Introducing GRIHA

• GRIHA was developed as an indigenous building rating

system, particularly to address and assess non-air
conditioned or partially air conditioned buildings.
• GRIHA has been developed to rate commercial,
institutional and residential buildings in India
emphasizing national environmental concerns, regional
climatic conditions, and indigenous solutions. GRIHA
stresses passive solar techniques for optimizing visual and
thermal comfort indoors, and encourages the use of
refrigeration-based and energy-demanding air GRIHA, the national
green building
conditioning systems only in cases of extreme thermal
rating system, was
discomfort. developed by TERI
• GRIHA integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards after a thorough
study and
for buildings and acts as a tool to facilitate understanding of
implementation of the same. the current
internationally
accepted green
building rating
systems and the
prevailing building
practices in India
 RETREAT
Example of a TERI
construction
• a residential training facility for
executives, is designed to be self-sufficient,
and independent of any external power
supply. it consists of living quarters with 24
single-occupancy rooms and 6 suites
complete with conference centre with a
large hall, a dining room, a lounge,
recreational facilities, and a library

The complex has harnessed both traditional and

modern means of tapping renewable sources of energy
to offer modern amenities such as lighting, air
conditioning, cooking, laundry, and so on at substantially
reduced costs.
# The complex saves 40%–50% of energy costs over
conventionally designed buildings at an additional
investment of about 25%.
# Twenty-four solar water-heating panels provide up to
2000 litres of hot water every day.
# The building is powered by a hybrid system comprising
of Solar photovoltaic system (with battery back up) and
a 100 kW biomass gasifier
Synopsis of the criteria for rating (Mandatory and optional/non
mandatory clauses as per GRIHA rating system)
Criterion 6 Enhance
outdoor lighting
Criterion 5 Reduce
system efficiency Criterion 7 Plan
Preserve and Protect Criterion 4 Design to hard paving on-site
Criterion 3: Soil and use renewable utilities efficiently
Landscape during include existing site and/or provide
Conservation energy system for and optimize on-site
Construction features shaded hard-paved
meeting outdoor circulation efficiency
surfaces
lighting
Criterion 8 Provide requirements Criterion 13
minimum level of
Criterion 9 Reduce Criterion 10 Reduce Criterion 11 Reduce Criterion 12 Efficient Optimize building
sanitation/safety
air pollution during landscape water water use in the water use during design to reduce
facilities for
construction requirement building construction conventional energy
construction
demand
workers
Criterion 14 Criterion 16 Reduce
Optimize energy volume, weight, and Criterion 19
Criterion 15 Criterion 17 Use Criterion 18
performance of construction time by Renewable-energy-
Utilization of fly-ash low-energy material Renewable energy
building within adopting efficient based hot water
in building structure in interiors utilization
specified comfort technologies (such system
limits as pre-cast systems)

Part of Criterion 21:

Criterion 22 Criterion 24 Storage Criterion 25
Criterion 20: Waste Water Recycle and Criterion 23 Efficient
Reduction in waste and disposal of Resource recovery
Water Treatment Reuse (including waste segregation
during construction wastes from waste
Rainwater)

Criterion 31 Provide
Criterion 26 Use Criterion 29 at least the
Criterion 27
low-VOC Criterion 28 Ensure Acceptable outdoor Criterion 30 Tobacco minimum level of
Minimize ozone
paints/adhesives/se water quality and indoor noise smoke control accessibility for
depleting substances
alants levels persons with
disabilities

Criterion 33
Criterion 32 Energy
Operation and Criterion 34 Innovation points
audit and validation
maintenance
 • Protect trees, vegetation and plan with trees
• Erosion and sedimentation control systems
Site planning • Tree protection

Figure
demonstrates
Site preservation • Top soil preservation and reuse
• Plan to include existing site features
stages of
• Aggregate utility planning, efficient transport planning application of
various criteria

• Reduce hard paving; provide shaded paving and pervious paving

Landscape feature • Energy efficient and RE based outdoor lighting
pertinent to green • Choice of native species, shrubs; choice of efficient irrigation systems
rating
• Ensure acceptable outdoor noise level by providing necessary landscape features

• Sedimentation and erosion control system

Interventions during
construction phase
• Construction worker safety, health and hygiene
• Air pollution control measures
• Efficient water use during construction
• Reduction in waste during construction

• Climate responsive design, day lighting, efficient envelop design

• Efficient lighting design, efficient design space conditioning systems low energy systems,
Planning and building design including energy controls, ECBC compliance (all leading to reduced energy performance Index and
system design enhanced thermal comfort)
• Choice of CFC free refrigerant; zero ODP insulation; halon free fire suppressant
• 29,30,31

• RE based outdoor lighting

Provision for renewable energy (RE) based • Use of RE power for meeting interior lighting energy requirement
systems • Solar water heating systems
 • Energy conservation building code compliant materials for wall, roof, glazing systems
• Fly ash utilization in block work, structure, mortar and plaster
Material selection (structure and • Low energy materials for interiors
interior) • Use of low VOC paints/ adhesives sealants
• Choice of insulation with zero- ODP
• Acceptable indoor noise

Structural • Use of efficient construction technologies

systems

Planning for • Choice of fixtures to reduce water demand in building

water • Waste water treatment
management • Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater harvesting

• Quality of treated waste water

Operation and maintenance
• Efficient waste segregation
• Storage and disposal of waste
• Resource recovery from waste
• Ensure water quality
• Tobacco and smoke control
• Energy, water, comfort audit

Figure demonstrates stages of application

of various criteria
Summary of griha
Evaluation system of
GRIHA
Criterion 10: Reduce landscape water requirement
(maximum points – 3)
Objective: To reduce the landscape water requirement so as to minimize the load on
the municipal water supply and depletion of groundwater resources.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

WATER CONSERVING LANDSCAPE IDEAS 58

 Criterion 11 :Reduce the water use by the building (maximum points – 2)

Objective: To reduce water consumption in the

building by using efficient fixtures.
• 11.1 Commitment
• Reduce the total water consumption in the
building (by 25% or more) by using low-flow
fixtures.
• Maximum points- 2

Criterion 12 : Efficient water use during construction (1 point)

Objective: To minimize use of potable water
during construction activity.

• Use materials such as pre-mixed concrete for

preventing water loss during mixing.
• Use recycled treated water.
• Control the wasting of curing water .
• Maximum points - 1
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
59
Criterion 13 Optimize building design to reduce conventional
energy demand (Maximum points - 8 and Mandatory points- 6)
• Objective: To apply climate responsive building design
measures, including day-lighting and efficient artificial
lighting design, in order to reduce the conventional energy
demand.
1. Optimize the orientation of the building; TERRACE GARDEN

2. Place the buffer spaces (such as- toilets, corridors, staircases, lifts
and service areas etc.) along western and eastern facades
3. Provide maximum openings on North and South;
4. Shade the building surfaces getting maximum solar exposure
Design appropriate shading for all the fenestrations getting direct solar
radiation by using sun path analysis or shading norms (prescribed in COURTYARD
the table-9 & 10 of Handbook on functional requirements of buildings
other than industrial buildings) etc. PARGOLA

JAALI WALL SPACE FRAMES GREEN WALL 60

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
• The WWR (window to wall ratio) is limited to a
maximum of 60% of gross wall area and the SRR
(skylight to roof ratio) is limited to a maximum of
5% of gross roof area
• Ensure that the total daylighted area (Refer
Appendix-A, ECBC-2007) of the proposed building is
> 25% of the total living area (Refer table-2, SP41)
and achieve the recommended daylight factor (DF)
(Refer Table-2, SP41) at the centre of the daylighted
area or the average on the daylighted area in a
design sky condition (Refer Part-8, National Building
Code -2005) to fetch two mandatory points.

• P For every 25% increase in the total daylighted

area upon the total living area shall fetch one
additional point on each. This shall however be non
mandatory.

• Perform artificial lighting simulation to demonstrate

that the lighting levels in indoor spaces are maintained
as recommended in NBC 2005 (BIS 2005d).

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

61
Criterion 14: Optimize energy performance of building within
specified comfort limits (16 points) partly mandatory
Objective: To optimize use of energy systems in buildings that maintain a specified
indoor climate conducive to the functional requirements of the building
• Follow mandatory compliance measures (for all applicable buildings) as recommended in the Energy
Conservation building Code 2007 of the BEE, Government of India.
• Perform hourly calculation to show that in air conditioned areas the thermal comfort conditions as
specified in the NBC 2005 (BIS 2005e) are met for 100% of all occupied hours.
• Perform hourly calculations to show that in non-air conditioned areas, the thermal comfort conditions
as specified in the NBC 2005 (BIS 2005e) are met for 90% of all occupied hours for buildings in
composite, moderate and hot-dry climate and are met for 60% of all occupied hours for buildings in
warm-humid climate .
• Show that utilization of energy systems in a building, under a specified category is less than the
benchmarked energy consumption figure, through a simulation exercise. The energy systems includes
air conditioners, indoor lighting systems, water heaters, air heaters and air circulation devices.
• The annual energy consumption of energy systems in a fully air-conditioned building (for day and 24 × 7
use) should not exceed the limits of benchmarked energy consumption figure in GRIHA.
• The annual energy consumption of energy systems in a non-air-conditioned building for day use
should not exceed limits of benchmarked energy consumption figures in GRIHA.
• In a building that includes both air-conditioned and non-air-conditioned areas, the annual energy
consumption of energy systems should not exceed the benchmarked energy consumption limits.
• Quantify energy usage for all electrical, mechanical, and thermal systems for which either electrical or
thermal energy is used. Quantify energy usage for each system used in providing lighting , air
conditioning , ventilation , heating (water and air), and air circulation.
62
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
Criterion 15 Utilization of flyash in building structure (maximum points – 6)

Objective :To use low embodied energy industrial waste fly ash as the construction
material.
Fly ash, an industrial waste having the properties of cement and very low
embodied energy is used in combination with cements that are high in embodied energy.
15.1 Committment
• RC (reinforced concrete) (including ready-mix concrete) to make use of fly ash by using PPC (Portland pozzolona
cement) containing fly ash. A minimum of 15% replacement of cement with fly ash in PPC (by weight of the cement
used) in the overall RC for meeting the equivalent strength requirements.
• Use fly ash in building blocks for the walls.
• Use fly ash in Plaster/masonry mortar by employing PPC. Use plaster and/or masonry mortar, which utilizes a
minimum 30% of fly ash in PPC, in 100% wall/ceiling finishes and wall construction, meeting the required
structural properties.
15.2 Compliance The following documents should be submitted.
• Fly ash use in RC: Minimum 15% replacement of cement with fly ash by weight of cement used in the total
structural concrete. Provide supporting document from the manufacturer of the cement specifying the fly ash content
in PPC used in reinforced concrete.
• For use of fly ash in building blocks of load bearing and non-load bearing wall: Minimum 40% utilization of fly
ash by volume of materials, for 100% load bearing and non-load bearing walls. Provide supporting document from
the manufacturer of the pre-cast building blocks specifying the fly ash content of the blocks used in an infill wall
system.
• For use of fly ash in plaster and masonry mortar: Minimum 30% use of fly ash in place of cement by weight in
overall plaster and mortar requirement. Provide supporting document from the manufacturer of the cement/ready
mix concrete, specifying the fly ash content in PPC used in plaster and masonry mortar.
• Certificate from the architect specifying overall replacement of cement in the RC, pre-cast building blocks plaster
and masonry in specified format (in prescribed certificate format). 63
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
Criterion 16 :Reduce volume and weight, and time of construction by adopting
efficient technologies (for example, pre-cast systems, and so on.) Maximum points: 4
Objective: Replace a part of energy-intensive materials with less energy-intensive
materials and/or utilize regionally available materials, which use low-energy/energy-
efficient technologies.
Structural application
• Use of low-energy technologies/materials (not based on the utilization
of fly ash), such as roofing/ flooring, columns, and load-bearing walls, for
structural applications.
• Use such technologies to demonstrate a minimum 5% reduction in the
overall embodied energy, when compared to equivalent products for the
same application, for a 100% structural system used in a building, thus
PRE-CAST CONCRETE
meeting the equivalent strength requirements.
• Examples of low-energy products and technologies used in structural
applications

FILLER SLAB PRESTRESSED SLAB MICRO CONCRETE FUNICULAR

ROOFING ROOFING
64
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
Non-structural application:
• masonry/infill wall system.
• Use of low-energy technologies/materials (not based on the utilization of fly ash) for non-
structural applications.
• Use such technologies to demonstrate a minimum 5% reduction in the embodied energy,
when compared to equivalent products for the same application, for 100% infill wall system
used in a building, meeting the equivalent strength requirements.

MUD WALLING COMPRESSED EARTH RAT TRAP FERROCEMENT

BLOCKS MASONARY WALLING

PERFORATED BRICKS STABILIZED ADOBE INTERLOCKING STONE MASONARY 65

SOURCE: GRIHA MANU
BRICK BRICKS
Criterion 17: Use low-energy material in interiors (maximum 4 points)

Objective:
• To use low-energy/recycled materials/finishes/products
in the interiors, which minimize the use of wood as a
natural resource.

• To use low-energy materials and products, such as

COMPOSITE WOOD
composite wood products/renewable materials/reused
wood/low embodied energy products/products which
utilize industrial waste/recycled products.

• The various interior finishes used in the sub-system of

the building or the interior, which serve the aim of the
credit, have been divided into the following three
major categories. FALSE CEILING

• If any interior finish, acclaimed for credit, falls

beyond this classification, the applicant has to clearly
confirm the criteria that meet the requirements of the
credit.
PANELLING
• Sub-assembly/internal partitions/interior wood
66
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
finishes/panelling/false ceiling/in-built furniture/
Criterion 18: Renewable energy utilization (maximum points – 5)
Objective :To use renewable energy sources in buildings to reduce the use of
conventional/fossil-fuel-based energy resources.

• Renewable energy system (solar, wind, biomass, fuel

cells, and so on) with a rated capacity of a minimum
of 1% of internal lighting load (for general lighting*)
and space conditioning or its equivalent is installed
on site.
• Calculations of energy requirements shall be based on
realistic assumptions, which are subject to verification.
• On-site renewable energy system sized to meet the
minimum of the above load.
• Feasibility of the proposed renewable energy system to
be verified by the competent authority.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

67
Criterion 19 : Renewable-energy-based hot water system
(maximum points – 3)
Objective:
To use renewable energy sources to meet the hot-water
requirement.
Commitment
• Ensure that a minimum 20% of the annual
energy requirement for heating water (for
applications such as hot water for all needs, like
for canteen, washing, and bath rooms/ toilets,
except for space heating) is supplied from
renewable energy sources.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

68
RECYCLE, REUSE & RECHARGE WATER
• Recycle and reuse of resources enables us to reduce pressure on
our valuable natural resources.
• Recycling of resources and putting these back into use for the
building is significant.
Criterion 20 :Waste-water treatment (maximum
points – 2)
Objective: To provide facility for the treatment of waste-
water generated in the building so as to have safe disposal
and use of by-products.
Commitment
• Provide necessary treatment of waste water
for achieving the desired concentrations for
disposal/reuse.
• Carry out water testing for various parameters
prescribed in the Pollution Control Acts, Rules
and notifications, CPCB, 1998, for disposal in
surface water and on land or other reuse
application.
• Non Applicability condition: If waste water
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
generation on site is less than 10 kL/day
69
Criterion 21: Water recycle and reuse (including rainwater) (maximum points – 5)
Objective:
To utilize the treated waste water and rainwater for various applications (including
groundwater recharge) where potable municipal water is normally used, to reduce the
load on both the municipal supplies as well as the sewerage system and to improve the
groundwater level
• Provide necessary treatment of
wastewater for achieving the desired
composition for various applications.
• Implement rainwater harvesting and
storage systems depending on the site-
specific conditions.
• All necessary steps to prevent possible
contamination of ground water by
rainwater harvesting should be taken
(design requirements as per Central
Ground Water Board). This is a
mandatory requirement.
• Reuse the treated wastewater and
rainwater for meeting the building water
and irrigation demand.
• Recharge the surplus water (after reuse) 70
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
Criterion 22: Reduction in waste during construction ( maximum points: 1)

Objective :
To ensure maximum resource recovery and safe disposal of wastes generated during
construction, and to reduce the burden on the landfill

• Employ measures to segregate the

waste on-site into inert, chemical or
hazardous wastes.
• Reuse/Recycle the segregated waste and
unused chemical/ hazardous wastes such
as oil, paint and batteries.
• Inert waste to be disposed off by
municipal corporation/local bodies at
landfill sites.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

INERT WASTE
DISPOSAL 71
Criterion 23 :Efficient waste segregation ( maximum points: 1)

Objective:
To promote the segregation of waste for efficient resource
recovery
• Use different coloured bins for the collection of different
categories of wasted from the building.
• Provision of multi-coloured bins for waste segregation at
source

Criterion 24 Storage and disposal of

wastes(maximum
Objective: points – 1)
To prevent the mixing up of segregated waste before processing
or
• disposal
Allocate a separate space for the collected wasted before
transferring it to the recycling/ disposal stations.

• Non Applicability condition: If organic waste generation is

below 100 kg/day
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

72
Criterion 25: Resource recovery from waste (maximum points- 2)
Objective:
To maximize the recovery of resources from the recyclable and biodegradable
waste and to reduce the burden on landfills.

• Employ resource recovery systems for biodegradable

waste as per the Solid Waste Management and
Handling Rules, 2000 of the MoEF.
• Arrangement for recycling of waste through local
dealers

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

73
HEALTH & WELL-BEING
• Building construction and its operation affects the health and well-being of people in many ways.
• Green building practices and measures should be integrated into the design process to ensure the
health and well-being of the occupants.

Criterion 26 Use low-VOC paints/adhesives/sealants

(maximum
Objective: points – 3)
To select and use paints, adhesives and sealants with low quantities of
chemical substances and VOCs (especially formaldehyde, uria
• formaldehyde and
Use only zero/low urethanes).
VOC paints.
• All paints used in the interior of the building (defined as inside of the weather proofing systems and
applied onsite) must be certified to contain zero VOC or less than the limits specified in GRIHA.
• Prefer water- based acrylics over solvent-based oil paints.
• Ensure all the sealants and adhesives used are water based rather than solvent based or have a low
solvent content.
• Most construction adhesives offer adequate bond strengths in water-based varieties.
• Acrylics, silicones, and siliconized acrylics are the safest sealants for use in the interiors and have the
lowest solvent content.
• While solvent-based products, such as urethanes and butyls, should preferably not be used indoors,
sealants used for exterior do not pose any concern.
• Adhesive usually have a high-VOC emission potential. Hence, use adhesives with low-VOC or MANUAL
SOURCE: GRIHA no –
VOC emissions such as acrylics or phenolic resins (phenol formaldehydes indoors). 74
• Ensure all composite wood products/agri –fibre products do not contain any added urea formaldehyde
Criterion 27 :Minimize ozone depleting substances (maximum point – 1) mandatory
Objective :
• Eliminate or control the release of ozone-depleting substances into the atmosphere.
• The ozone depleting materials commonly used in buildings are CFCs or HCFCs in
refrigeration and airconditioning systems, halons in fire suppression systems and
extinguishers, and in insulation
• Use insulation with zero-ODP (ozone depletion potential)
such as HCFC-free rigid foam insulation, mineral fibre
cellulose insulation, glass fibre, wood fibre board, cork
wool, expanded (bead) polystyrene, recycled newspaper,
and jute and cotton.
• Avoid materials that do not inherently have a zero-ODP,
such as polyurethane foams and polyisocyanurates. HCFC-FREE RIGID FOAM MINERAL FIBRE
INSULATION CELLULOSE INSULATION
• Install CFC-free equipment for refrigeration and air
conditioning.
• Install halon-free fire suppression systems and fire
extinguishers in the building.

GLASS FIBRE

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

CORK WOOL WOOD FIBRE BOARD EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE 75
Criterion 28 Ensure water quality (maximum points – 2) mandatory

Objective
To provide the occupants of the building with good potable quality
water for drinking/washing purposes as prescribed by the standards
and to ensure that the treated wastewater is meeting the desired
standards for reuse/disposal.
• Ensure water from all sources (such as
groundwater and municipal water) meets the
water quality norms as prescribed in the IS for
various applications (Indian Standards for
drinking [IS 10500–1991], irrigation
applications [IS 11624-1986]), cooling towers
(as given in NBC 2005).

• Note In case the water quality cannot be

ensured, provide necessary treatment of raw
water for achieving the desired concentrations
for various applications.

76
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
Criterion 29 Acceptable outdoor and indoor noise levels (maximum
points – 2)
Objective :
To use appropriate noise controls for providing acceptable levels of outdoor and
indoor noise levels to enhance comfort.
• Ensure that the outdoor noise level conforms to the CPCB-Environmental Standards- Noise
(ambient standards).
• Ensure that the indoor noise levels conform to the levels described in NBC 2005 (BIS 2005a).
Criterion 30 :Tobacco smoke control (maximum point – 1)
mandatory
Objective
• To put in place health strategies such as prohibiting smoking in the indoor
areas/building or providing designated/isolated smoking zones within the building
designed with separate ventilation systems with higher ventilation rates than the non-
smoking areas.
•• This willanensure
In both zero exposure of the nonsmoking
air-conditioned/non-air-conditioned occupants
buildings, to passive smoking
ensure zero
exposure of nonsmokers to the tobacco smoke; prohibit smoking on the
building premises supported with the company policy.
• Ensure that both air-conditioned/non-air-conditioned buildings provide a
designated smoking zone with a controlled environment that ensures restriction
of the smoke to the designated area, preferably in the peripheral spaces of the
buildings or within the buildings (for multiple-occupancy buildings such as
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
hotels, non-smoking and smoking rooms to be clearly identified).
77
Criterion 31 Provide at least the minimum level of
accessibility for persons with disabilities (maximum
point – 1)
Objective :
To ensure accessibility and usability of the building and its facilities by employees,
visitors, and clients with disabilities.
• Ensure access to facilities and services by adopting
appropriate site planning to eliminate barriers as per the
recommended standards (NBC 2005 [BIS 2005f]), layout and
designing of interior and exterior facilities as per principles
of universal design such as prescribed by the National
Building Code of India, building management policies and
procedures, provision of auxiliary aids and appliances, and
staff training in disability awareness,

• Comply with planning and design guidelines as outlined in

NBC 2005 Annex D (Clause 12.21) (BIS 2005f).

78
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL
BUILDING OPERATION & MAINTAINANCE
Criterion 32: Energy audit and
validation(mandatory and no points)
Objective:
Validate the performance of the energy and environmental systems in the building as
predicted during the design and development stage.
• After occupying the building, conduct audits for the following within two years of full occupancy
and submit audit data as per the specified format.
• The energy consumption data submitted should be for at least 12 months.
1. Energy audit
a. Energy consumption
b. Thermal comfort
c. Visual comfort
2. Water and waste audit
a. Water quality
b. Solid waste generation
c. Solid waste disposal process 32.1.2
• After occupying the building, conduct sound level audit as specified in Criterion 29, to measure
the following:
a. Indoor noise levels SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

b. Outdoor noise levels 79

Criterion 33: Operation and maintenance (maximum points-2) mandatory
Objective:
To ascertain efficient functioning of the building’s systems through regular
monitoring of building’s energy and water consumption and implementation
of appropriate operation and maintenance program
• Ensure regular monitoring of building’s energy and water consumption by installing digital meters as
per the following:
1. Electrical meters installed to measure energy units purchased from the utility and energy units
generated on site (through DG/ GG sets).
2. Electrical sub meters for measuring energy consumption by HVAC plant, AHU fans and indoor
lighting.
3. BTU meters to be installed for each chiller at entering and leaving points to measure the cooling
generated by chillers.
4. BTU meter to be installed on the chilled water loop to measure building’s total cooling demand.
5. Water meter should be installed at all main supply points to measure the total water
consumption of the building.

• Provide a core facility/service management group that will be responsible for the O&M of the
building’s electrical and mechanical systems after installation.
• In case of small-scale/singleowner commercial buildings, the owner or the occupants themselves
should undertake the responsibility for the O&M of the building’s systems after installation.
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

80
• Include a specific clause in the contract document of the systems supplier for the
commissioning (installation and test run) and systematic handing over of all electrical
and mechanical systems to the core facility/ service group responsible for the O&M of
the building systems after installation.

• Include a specific clause in the contract document of the systems suppliers for
providing training to the core facility/ service group responsible for the O&M of
the building systems after installation, on the operating instructions/dos and don’ts/
maintenance requirements, of specific systems.

• If the systems supplier themselves have been assigned the responsibility of the O&M
after system installation, this clause is not applicable.

• Prepare a fully-documented O&M manual/ CD/ multimedia/ an information brochure

listing the best practices/dos and don’ts/maintenance requirements for the building’s
systems along with the name and address of the manufacturer/supplier of the respective
systems.

• This should be carried out by the owner/builder/occupants/service or facility

management group.
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

81
INNOVATION POINTS
Criterion 34 Innovation points
• The enlisted criteria in the rating system are the most critical components
contributing to the evolution of a green building.
• Green building design and operation extend beyond the boundaries defined by
the rating system and may cover strategies and options that lead to
environmental benefits.
• The purpose of this category of points is to recognize the measures
adopted, which contribute to the overall objective of designing and
maintaining of green buildings, and those that are otherwise not covered in
the rating system.
• The following is an indicative list of innovation points.
• The applicant may submit any other criterion, which they consider as
deserving for the award of points, under the rating system.
• The applied criterion will be evaluated on the merits and demerits of its
sustainability benefits.
• Each Innovation Criterion will carry one point, subject to a maximum of
four points. SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

82
Environmental education (maximum points – 1)
Objective:
To promote awareness of significant environmental issues by imparting
environmental education to the owner or the occupants of the building and to
the community as a whole.
• Formulate a company policy on environmental education that facilitates instructional or
environmental tours by keeping the building open on weekends
• Provide the owner/occupants or visitors with brochures, CD, information leaflets or a
manual on environmental education and concerned issues.
• Create environmental awareness through small efforts in the building itself such as
showcasing energy-efficient building systems, technologies, and materials, and properly
labelling or documenting their respective energy performance or savings.
• Adopt innovative strategies such as labelling the water fixtures for the water source. For
example, ‘this tap uses rainwater harvested from the roof’.
• Also demonstrate different spaces connected with different waste-water treatment schemes
with proper documentation
• A landscape labelled for native species or aromatic herbs, which would raise awareness
towards low maintenance and low water-consuming native species as compared to high
maintenance exotic species.
• Include a column on environmental awareness in the monthly newsletter or newspaper of the
company/organization.
SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

83
Company policy on ‘green supply chain’ (maximum points – 1)
Objective
• To encourage company policies on the ‘green supply chain’, so that the
business uses the most efficient methods available for sourcing,
manufacturing, and transporting and post-sales support for green
building materials and products.

• This will serve as a ‘corporate access system for sustainable

development’– a single-source solution to meet the total logistics and
distribution needs which, in turn, will ensure that the companies
integrate the supply, manufacturing, and distribution of green building
materials or products into sustainable development.

• As a result, this will facilitate a supply chain process to improve service,

reduce or eliminate excess/fluctuating inventories, shortages/ stockouts,
longer lead times, higher transportation and manufacturing costs, and
increase the flow of information between the supply chain partners by
boosting supplier–to–customer relation

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

84
• Formulate a company policy on the ‘green supply chain’, which will
facilitate sourcing, manufacturing, transportation, and post-sales support
for green building materials and products.

• Set up a ‘corporate access system for sustainable development’, which

will serve as an easy and single-source access to green resources that can
help enlist and search green suppliers, vendors, and manufacturers across
the globe.

• This system can be put online so that other corporate communities and
research organizations working towards sustainable development and
green building consultants can share and enhance the services.

• 34.1.3 Corporate houses can form a small group comprising of

executives responsible for the development and management of the
global supply chain for the promotion of sustainable development.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

85
Integrated pest management (maximum points – 1)
Objective:
To develop and implement an integrated pest management programme to
control and manage weeds and pests within tolerable limits so as to achieve
healthy growth for plants and people.
• Develop and implement a landscape management/maintenance plan with
emphasis on non-chemical based/organic pest management.
• Apply pesticides only ‘as needed’ after prevention and physical controls have
been implemented in the interiors.
• Select the least hazardous pesticides for the control of targeted pests

Life cycle costing (maximum points – 1)

Objective :
To provide comprehensive lifecycle cost analysis of the project, considering the
costs arising from owning, operating, maintaining and other considered
important for the project viability.
• Conduct a comprehensive lifecycle cost analysis of the project, considering the costs
arising from owning, operating, maintaining and other considered important for the
project viability. SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

86
SVAGRIHA Criterion points distribution
In order to get a rating, it is mandatory for each
project to achieve a certain number of
minimum points in each category as mentioned
below.

SOURCE: GRIHA MANUAL

87
The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)
• The Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) was formed by
the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) in 2001.
• The council is based out of the CII Green Business Centre,
Hyderabad which is India's 1st Platinum rated green
building. The vision of the council is to enable
‘Sustainable built environment for all.
• IGBC is the country's premier body for green building
certification and allied services. Today, with strong
support from various stakeholders, they have achieved
the following significant milestones:

 5,800+ projects registered with IGBC from various parts

of India and abroad, amounting to a total footprint of
7.14 billion sq. ft.
 25 IGBC green building ratings to cover all typologies of
projects - residential, commercial, industrial, healthcare,
etc.
 1,700+ IGBC Member Organizations comprising
developers, corporates, architects, consultants, institutes,
government, etc.
 4,400+ qualified IGBC Accredited Green Building
Professionals ; more than 30,000 stakeholders have been
trained by IGBC till date.
• IGBC certifies the green projects which are
conceptualized, designed, constructed and
operated as per IGBC Ratings.

• Till date, more than 1,250 projects (approx 400

million sq ft) have been rated by IGBC. These
IGBC-rated projects, as compared to
conventional structures, have demonstrated
tremendous savings to the extent of up to:

 15,000 MWh of Energy per million sq ft. per

annum

 45,000 KL of Water per million sq ft. per annum

 Installation of 100 MW of Renewable Energy in

IGBC certified projects

 Reduced CO2 emissions by 12,000 tons per

million sq ft. per annum

 Diverted 500 Tons of construction waste from

landfill per million sq ft.
 What are Green Buildings ?

According to IGBC
Green buildings are…

Green buildings don’t literally mean…

Buildings that produce zero-
emissions or totally green or totally
environmentally friendly

VISION;

"To enable a sustainable built environment for all and

facilitate, India to be one of the global leaders in the
sustainable built environment by 2025".
9
1 Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images
 Australia: Nabers / Green
Green Building Star Brazil: AQUA / LEED
Brasil

Certifications… Canada: LEED Canada /

China: GBAS
Green Globes / Built Green
Canada
Finland: PromisE

France: HQE

Germany: DGNB / CEPHEUS

Hong Kong: HKBEAM

India: Indian Green
Building Council (IGBC) /
GRIHA

Indonesia: Green Building

Council Indonesia (GBCI)
/Greenship

Italy: Protocollo Itaca / Green Building Council Italia

Korea: KGBC
Japan: CASBEE
Malaysia: GBI
Malaysia Mexico:
LEED Mexico
Netherlands: BREEAM
 Green Buildings can potentially
reduce…
Energy CO2
Use Emissions Wate
Solid
r
20% Wast
to
33%* Use
30% to e
39%*
30%
to
50% 70%*

Source: IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System (Version 3.0)

. Source: http://www.usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?CMSPageID=1720
 Types of
IGBCcertifications
IGBC Green New Buildings

IGBC Green Existing Buildings

IGBC Green Homes

IGBC Green Schools

IGBC Green Factory Building

IGBC Green Landscapes

IGBC Green Mass Rapid Transit

System & Green Townships
Source: https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign
 IGBC Green New Buildings rating system addresses green
features under the following categories:

 Sustainable Architecture and Design

 Site Selection and Planning

 Water Conservation

 Energy Efficiency

 Building Materials and Resources

 Indoor Environmental Quality

 Innovation and Development

1
5
Steps to IGBC certification/ precertification

Rating &
Certification

Final Review

Certification
Phase-2

Certification
Phase-1

Registration
 IGBC Green New Buildings
IGBC Green New Buildings Rating System_(Version 3.0 with Fifth Addendum) Sept.
2016

Owner-occupied Tenant-occupied
Certification Level Recognition
Buildings Buildings

Best
Certified 40 - 49 40 - 49
Practices

Outstanding
Silver 50 - 59 50 - 59
Performance

National
Gold 60 - 74 60 - 74
Excellence
Global
Platinum 75 - 100 75 - 100
Leadership

Source: https://igbc.in/igbc/redirectHtml.htm?redVal=showratingSysnosign
ISHRAE

The Indian Society of Heating,

Refrigerating & Air-
conditioning Engineers
 Aims & Objects

• Advancement of the arts & sciences of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-conditioning and other building
services.

•Continuing Education in the said sciences through lectures,

workshops, seminars, exhibitions and publications.

•Rendition of Career Guidance and Financial Assistance to

students of said Sciences.

•Encouragement of Scientific Research

 Brief History
•Founded in 1981

•Has been growing steadily over the last 30 years

•Now has about 40 chapters and sub-chapters all across

the country in all major towns and cities.

•There are presently about 10,000 members and 3000

student members.

•Membership in ISHRAE is individual and not company or

corporate.
 Present Activities

ACRECONF – An annual international conference held in New Delhi.

Acreconf 2013 will be held on 7&8 Feb. 2013 with 4 to 5 parallel
sessions,100 speakers and over 1500 delegates. The theme is
“Emerging Mega Trends in Building Design”.

•ACREX – An annual international exhibition held in Mumbai, New

Delhi & Bangalore. Acrex 2013 will be in Mumbai on 7,8 & 9 March
2013. Over 10,000 sqm of stall space, >400 exhibitors and 25000
visitors. Workshops …

•About 10 national level seminars/conferences/catalog shows in

major cities – ventilation, cold chain, data centres, fire & security,
energy efficiency and others.
To summarize the outlook for
enhanced building energy efficiency in
India is very bright as there is a huge
potential for energy savings and for
use of energy saving technologies,
equipments and systems
ZERO ENERGY
BUILDINGS
What is zero energy building?
• A zero-energy building is a building with zero net energy consumption.
• The total amount of energy used by the building on an annual basis is roughly equal to
the amount of energy generated on the site through renewable sources.
• These buildings consequently contribute less overall greenhouse gas to the atmosphere
than similar non-ZNE buildings

Why zero Energy building?

• To overcome energy crisis

• Reduces energy consumption
• Reduces green house gases & global
warming
• Reduces climate change
• Reduces dependence on fossil fuels
• Protects our environment for future
generations
Zero energy can be achieved
by
• Basic design of building
• Site Study
• Design of building
• Size and shape of building
• Design to use the sun
• Design with continuous air barrier
• Windows and Doors
Energy Harvest
• Solar cells
• Wind Turbines
• Solar Thermal Collectors linked to Seasonal Thermal Energy

Storage
• Solar Thermal Collectors – collects by absorbing sunlight.
• Seasonal Thermal Energy Storage (STES) – storage of heat or cold up to several
months.

To cope with the fluctuation demand Zero Energy Buildings are connected to
the electricity grid.
How zero energy can be achieved?
• Site selection & Orientation
• Employ Renewable or High Efficiency Energy Sources
• Reduce Heating, Cooling, and Lighting Loads through
Climate Responsive Design and Conservation Practices

Site selection and orientation

• Orientation, layout and location on site will all influence the
amount of sun a building receives and
therefore its year-round temperatures and comfort
• Be flat or north-sloping
• Be free of obstructions to the north (and be unlikely to be built out
in future)
• Be able to accommodate a building with a relatively large north-
facing wall or walls for maximum solar gain (as well as north-facing
outdoor areas if those are wanted).
Employing renewable energy sources Renewable energy :
Renewable energy is energy which is generated from natural sources i.e. sun, wind, rain,
tides and can be generated again and again as and when required.
Use of renewable energy can increase energy security and reduce dependence on
imported fuels, while reducing or eliminating greenhouse gas emissions associated with
energy use.
Building envelope design
• Use high performance building envelopes select walls, roofs, and other assemblies
based on long term insulation, air barrier performance, and durability requirements
• Damp proofing
• Waterproofing Membranes
• Insulation Materials
• Water stops
• Drainage Pipe

Advantages
• Isolation for building owners from
future energy price increases
• Increased comfort due to more-uniform
interior temperatures
• reduced requirement for energy
• Reduced Total cost of ownership due to
improved energy efficiency
• Reduced total net monthly cost of living
• Minimized extra cost
Disadvantages
• Initial costs can be higher
• Lack of skills or experience to build
ZEBs
• ZEB may not reduce the required power
plant capacity.
• Solar energy capture using the house
envelope only works in locations
unobstructed from the sun.
• Without an optimised thermal envelope
the embodied energy, heating and cooling
Passive solar building design:
Walls, floors and windows
distribute heat during winter and
reject the solar heat during summer.

Building energy simulation:

Predicts the performance of ZNE
building depending on the energy
usage before it is built.

Energy saving features:

Includes heating and cooling loads,
insulation and ventilation
depending on climate zones.

*ZNE = ZERO ENERGY

BUILDING
Sun as a renewable source of
energy
• Zero Energy Homes should be designed to use the
sun’s energy as much as possible, for such
things as: generating electricity, heating hot water,
and utilizing passive solar space heating.
• Solar panels are placed on the rooftop or windows
of the building, or anywhere where maximum
solar energy is received throughout the year.
• The energy generated can be used for cooking,
heating, generating electricity etc.
Passive solar design
• In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are
made to collect, store, and
distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject
solar heat in the summer
• This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar
heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and
electrical devices
• use of thermal mass and phase-change materials for slowing indoor
air temperature swings, solar cookers, the solar chimney for
enhancing natural ventilation, and earth sheltering.
Wind as a
renewable
Thermal Energy
source of energy • It is used to
maintain the
In some extreme areas ambient temperature
where wind energy is of the building
abundant and high, small • It can also be used
windmills can also be for heating, cooling
used to generate electricity etc.
for running small
equipment.
Net Zero Energy
Building
Connected to Grid

Buildings connected
to power grid can be
termed as “Net
Zero” if their energy
consumption is
equal to their energy
production over a
year.
EXAMPLES OF BUILDINGS

Akshay urja bhavan

panchkula
• The Department of Renewable
Energy/HAREDA, has constructed its office
building “Akshay Urja
Bhawan” on an institutional plot measuring one
Acre, at sector 17 Panchkula.
• This building is being constructed based on solar
passive design techniques having Building
Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) system of 42.50
KW capacity, Solar Chimney, evaporative cooling,
cavity walls, Use of Fly ash based bricks water
recycling and Energy Efficient Lighting etc.
Sun carrier Omega, Bhopal
• Sun Carrier Omega is the first company to bring to India
the Sun Tracking Intelligent Solar PV System, which
generates about 40% more energy than fixed systems.
• Sun Carrier Omega has commissioned India's first
commercial Net-Zero Energy Building
Zero energy buildings in the
India
The Indira Paryavaran Bhavan, New
Delhi
• Constructed with adoption of solar passive
design and energy-efficient building materials
• Installed capacity of 930 kW peak power, the
building has the largest rooftop solar system
among multi-storied buildings in India
• More than 50 per cent area outside the building
is a soft area with plantation and grass
Features
•• The building has a robotic parking system in the
India’s first net zero energy
basement that can accommodate 330 cars
building
• India’s highest green rated
building
• GRIHA – 5 star
• LEED – Platinum
• Geothermal heat rejection
• Regenerative lift
• High efficiency solar panel
• Mechanized car parking
• Use of eco-friendly
Zero energy building versus green building
• The goal of green building and sustainable architecture is to use resources more
efficiently and reduce a building's negative impact on the environment.
• Zero energy buildings achieve one key green-building goal of completely or very
significantly reducing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of the building.
• Zero energy buildings may or may not be considered "green" in all areas, such as
reducing waste, using recycled building materials etc.

• Green Building is a building process depending on the environment and efficient

resources available.
• Green Building reduces negative impact on the environment.
• Zero Energy Building reduces more energy usage and greenhouse gases emission.
• Zero Energy building may not be considered GREEN in all areas.

Limitation to Zero energy building

• ZEB is not feasible for the two-story buildings unless their loads are
further reduced.

• A cost ZEB is the most difficult ZEB goal to reach because typical
commercial rate structures do not allow for net metering such that
exported electricity can offset all other utility charges.
• Reshmi Banerjee, Importance of Net Zero Energy Building. International Journal of
Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering,
• May 2015, volume 2, 2349-2163.
•
• Elena Perlova, Mariia Platonova, Alexandr Gorshkov, Xenyiya Rakova, Concept Project
of Zero Energy Building. Procedia Engineering 100 ( 2015 ) 1505-1514.

• The Hindu article - India’s first net zero energy building. New Delhi, November 12,
2014.
• https://energy.gov/eere/buildings/downloads/common-definition-zero-energy-buildings
• http://zeroenergyproject.org/build/twelve-stepsaffordable-zero-energy-home-
construction-design/
• https://living-future.org/net-zero/