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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

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In this magazine, the following topics will be

discussed:
1. Intermolecular Forces
Hydrogen bond
Ion-dipole force
Dipole-dipole force
London-dispersion force
The topics listed here seemed too “scientific” but the
knowledge you will gain form them can be used in
different aspects of your life. Moreover, to help you
understand the topics, trace the love story of a couple
and find out what happens then answer the questions in
the activities given. You can answer the activities using
other sheet of paper.

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 HOME

Here’s a simple guide for you in going about the LAS:

Follow the instructions.
1. Read and understand the lesson carefully.
2. Take note of the essential parts of the lesson.
3. Conduct the activities. These activities are simple
and they can help you understand the concepts
presented.
4. Don’t cheat.
 
Learning by yourself takes a lot of self-discipline and
determination. I’m sure you have these traits in you.
  
“The capacity to learn is a gift; the ability to learn is a
skill; the willingness to learn is a choice.”
Brian Herbert
  
GOOD LUCK AND HAVE FUN!

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Still Trying to Hold On
The life we had was like molecules
oozing with kinetic energy and
continuously moving within a chemical
system. We are still trying to find…
trying to find our significance in this
world… trying to find stability… From
where? From whom? Did you know that
I found that stability? I found it the
moment I met you. When I met you, I
found strength and calmness. Believe it
or not, I felt complete.
We are like the oxygen and hydrogen of
two water molecules (H20) bonded
together by hydrogen bond; a special
type of dipole-dipole. We have different
characteristics… yes very different… but
somehow, my high electronegativity was
pacified by your relative positivity and
made our bond stronger and better than I
could ever imagine.
One good thing about our relationship?
We know how to give not just to receive
despite of our differences because we
always believe that this is what makes us
stronger just like in hydrogen bonding.
Because as they say “Hindi ka lang dapat
tanggap ng tanggap marunong ka rin
magbigay. Para ang relasyon niyo lalong
tumibay.”
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Still Trying to Hold On
Since we are like hydrogen bonds, I
know that it takes a really strong force to
break us apart. But I was wrong… I was
wrong because in instant, everything
was gone.
Hindi ko namalayan na nawawalan na
tayo ng oras sa isa’t isa. Hindi ko
namalayan na nabibitawan na pala kita.
There is still attraction left between us
but… it’s not as strong as what we had
before…
On and off na tayong dalawa. Parang
yung lagnat lang na dala ng dengue diba?
Ano yun naging ion-dipole na?
Ion-dipole force which involves
temporary dipole and permanently
charged ion and the strength depends on
the polarity, electronegativity, and
charge of the ion.
Parang tayo. Tayo na magiging maayos
lang kapag maganda ang ugaling
pinakita. Tayo na nagiging matatag lang
kapag puro saya ang nadarama . At tayo
na laging may batayan para maging tama
para sa isa’t isa. Pero ayos lang sana..
Ayos lang sana kung hindi na lumala.
Ngunit hindi… unti-unti kang lumayo
tangay ang pagmamahal mo… kaya
tuluyan tayong lumabo.
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Still Trying to Hold On
That is the reason why Pinilit kong paniwalain ang
the ion-dipole sarili ko na matibay ang
relationship that you konesyon nating dalawa.
have was gone… Ngunit unti –unti na tayong
Yung ion-dipole naging nasisira. Nagmakaawa ako na
ordinary dipole-dipole maayos pa natin ito dahiil
nalang. hindi ko kayang mawala ka sa
Dipole –dipole which piling ko. Ngunit binalewala
are between two polar mo ako. Ngayon napagtanto ko
molecules. Dipole – ang tagal na ng panahon na
dipole which will work ikaw lagi ang inuuna ko mat sa
if and only if we have paglipas ng panahon sarili ko
the same characteristics. na pala ang nasasaktan ko.
Dipole-dipole na
relationship na maayos
lang dahil parehong
polar. Ganun ba talaga
dapat sa isang relasyon?
Kailangan pareho kayo
ng characteristics para
magkaroon ng konesyon?
Ngunit sige pumapayag
na ako huwag mo lang
akong bitawan…
pipilitin kong kumapit
dahil sayang
pinagsamahan.

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Still Trying to
Hold On INTERMOLECULAR
FORCES
Kaya hindi pala tayo
hydrogen bond o dipole-
dipole… London tayo…
London bridge na unti-
unting gumuguho …
London dispersion force
na pinakamahina sa
lahat ng intermolecular
forces.
DIPOLE– DIPOLE ION– DIPOLE
Now, you can tell me
FORCES FORCES
whatever you want. You
can get mad, you can
shout at me. I’m hoping
that one day you can
forgive me I know that
you are strong enough to
handle this .
I just want you to
remember that I’m LONDON
giving you up not to hurt DISPERSION HYDROGEN BOND
you… I’m giving you up FORCES
to save you… I’m giving
you up to preserve you
because I don’t want you
to get hurt as we
continue this holding on
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?

Water can change its phase from liquid to gas when exposed to extreme
heat. Water is known to have a high boiling point. This characteristic is
attributed to the attraction between the molecules of water.

The force of attraction between neighboring molecules is called

intermolecular force. There are different kinds of intermolecular forces
– dipole – dipole, ion- dipole, hydrogen bond, and London dispersion.
Another collective term for intermolecular forces is van der Waals
forces named after Johannes van der Waal, a Dutch chemist.

The different intermolecular forces are the

following:
1. London Dispersion Forces
2. Dipole – Dipole Forces
3. Ion – Dipole Forces
4. Hydrogen bond

Intermolecular
Forces
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole – dipole interaction that exists
Bond
only in molecules that contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a small, highly
electronegative atom such as N, O, or F. The more electronegative atom
pulls the electron toward itself and gains a relatively large partial negative
charge.
In turn, the
hydrogen acquires
a similarly large
partial positive
charge that
strongly attracts
the partial negative
charge of a
neighboring
electronegative
atom. Typically, a
hydrogen bond is
about five to ten
times stronger than
other dipole –
dipole attractions.
Hydrogen bonds
keep the DNA bases
paired together,
helping DNA
maintain its unique
structure.
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
Hydrogen
Hydrogen bond donor
Bond
A hydrogen atom attached to a relatively electronegative atom is usually
fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. In the molecule on ethanol, there is one
hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom, which is very electronegative.
This hydrogen atom is a hydrogen donor.

Hydrogen bond
acceptor
Hydrogen bond
results when this
strong partial
positive charge
attracts a lone
pair of electrons
on another atom,
which becomes
the hydrogen
bond acceptor.
An
electronegative
atom such as
fluorine, oxygen,
or nitrogen is a
hydrogen bond
acceptor.

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
ION – DIPOLE FORCES

Ion – dipole force acts between an

ion (either positive or negative) and
a polar molecule. Such is the case of
the aqueous solution of sodium
chloride, where Na+ and Cl- ions are

Ion- dispersed amidst polar water

molecule. The degree of ion-dipole

Dipole
interaction depends on the size and
charge of the ion and on the size and
dipole moment of the polar

Force molecule. Cations (positively

charged ions) interact more strongly
with dipoles than anions (negatively
charged ions) of the same magnitude
of charge since they are smaller. This
means that between Na+ and Cl-
(with +1 and -1 charges,
respectively), Na+ will have greater
interactions with water than Cl-. Ion-
dipole attraction becomes stronger
either as the charge of the ion
increases, or as the magnitude of the
dipole moment of the polar molecule
increases.
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?

Dipole-Dipole
Force Each polar molecule has
unequal electron
DIPOLE – DIPOLE FORCES densities, resulting in a
Dipole –dipole forces exist dipole – a partial positive
between polar molecules. Recall end and a partial negative
that polar substances, such as end. Thus, when two
hydrogen chloride (HCl), are polar molecules are
those that possess a permanent brought close together,
dipole moment attributed to the the partial positive charge
different electronegativities of of one molecule will be
their component atoms and how attracted to the partial
these atoms are arranged in negative charge of the
space. neighboring molecule.

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to
learn?
London dispersion
forces, or simply
dispersion forces,
are intermolecular
forces of attraction
that exist between
all atoms and
molecules. They
arise from the
continuous
movement of
electrons in
particles. None
polar molecules
have zero dipole
movement because
their electron
density is uniform
and symmetrical.
Nevertheless, the
electrons have some
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces
Dispersion
Force
freedom to move
about the molecule;
instantaneous dipole
and an induced
dipole. The size of
therefore, at any
instance, the molecule can affect
molecule the London
momentarily dispersion force
acquires a non- between two
uniform electron molecules. The
density, resulting in bigger the molecule
a temporary dipole (which means that
(also called the molecule has
instantaneous greater surface area),
dipole). This dipole the strong er the
can then induce attraction between
dipoles in two molecules. Ex.
neighboring between helium and
molecules. argon, 2 argon atoms
Therefore, London will have greater
dispersion forces LDF because they
are attractions are bigger than the
between an helium atoms.
 What to do?

Fill in the blanks with appropriate concepts based from what

you have learned from the discussion.

1. The weakest type of intermolecular force is called

_________________________.
(London Dispersion Forces)
(Hydrogen Bond)
(Dipole-Dipole Forces)
(Ion-Dipole Forces)
2. Dipole-dipole intermolecular force can be formed between
two _________________ molecules.
(Ionic)
(Polar)
(Non-Polar)
(Atomic)
3. The intermolecular forces holds _________ together while
intramolecular forces holds ________ together.
(molecules, atoms)
(atoms, molecules)
4. Ion-dipole force is a force which can hold __________ and
_________ together.
(Non-polar, polar)
(Atom, non-polar)
(ion, polar)
5. The strongest type of intermolecular force is called
__________________.
(London Dispersion Forces)
(Hydrogen Bond)
(Dipole-Dipole Forces)
(Ion-Dipole Forces)
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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 What to do?

Activity #2

What is the strongest intermolecular force

present for each of the following molecules?

1. Hydrogen - ______________________________
2. Carbon Monoxide - ______________________
3. Silicon Tetrafluoride –
____________________
4. Nitrogen Tribromide - ___________________
5. Water - _________________________________
6. Acetone – _______________________________
7. Methane –
_______________________________
8. Benzene – _______________________________
9. Ammonia –
______________________________
10.Methanol - ______________________________

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces

 Who should be
asked?

Katewin Mae H. Acdal

21 years old
Calaocan, Santiago City

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MAGSCIEYA Intermolecular Forces