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Periodic Structures
Filter Transformation
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 1
Periodic Structures
In+1
d + In
Zo=1 jb Vn Vn+1
unit cell
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 3
Periodic Structures
Vn A B Vn 1
I C D I
n n 1
unit unit +
VN ZL
cell cell
V Z
V
VN VN VN Z L I N Z L N N L VN VN
Z B Z B Z B
VN ZL ZB
VN Z L Z B
AB BD DZ i1
Z i1 Z i2 Zi2
CD AC A
, ,
Z i1 Z i 2is symmetric, i.e., A = D,
if the network
then
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 22
Filter Design by the Image
Parameter Method
if the two-port network is driven by a
voltage source
Zi1 I1 I2
+ A B +
2V1 C D Zi2
V1 V2
1
Zin1 Zin2
Define e AD BC,
e 1 / ( AD BC ) ( AD BC) / ( AD BC ) AD
( AD BC) / ( AD BC ) AD BC
cosh AD
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 24
Filter Design by the Image
Parameter Method
consider the low-pass filter
C Z2
Z12 / 4 Z 2 , C 1 / Z 2 , D 1 Z1 / 2Z 2
Image impedance
Z iT AB / CD Z1Z 2 1 Z1 / 4 Z 2
For c, Z iT is real and | e | 1
which imply a passband
therefore, Z2 is given by
Z Z ( 1 m 2 )Z 2 / 4 Z 1 m 2
Z'2 1 2 1 2 Z1
mZ1 m 4m
Z '1 ( 2m / c ) 2
, c 2 / LC
Z '2 1 (1 m 2 )( / c ) 2
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 35
Filter Design by the Image
Parameter Method
Z '1 4 4( 1 m 2 )( / c ) 2 ( 2m / c ) 2 1
1
4Z '2 4 4( 1 m 2 )( / c ) 2 1 (1
2 2
( 2m / c ) 1 ( / c )
2 2 2
/ c ) 1 ( 1 m )( / c )
the propagation factor for the m-derived
section is
'
Z1 '
Z1 '
Z1
e 1 (1 )
' ' '
2Z 2 Z2 4Z 2
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 36
Filter Design by the Image
Parameter Method
if we restrict 0 < m < 1, e is real and
| e | >1 , for > c the stopband begins
at =as for
c the constant-k section
When = , where
e becomes infinity
and thefilterchas an
/ 1 m 2
infinite attenuation
M ( 2 )
| ( )|2
M ( 2 ) N( 2 ) , , M and N are
real polynomials
M( 2 )
PLR 1
2
N( )
C R
Z in
R 2 C 2 L2 2LCR 2 ) 2 L2 C 2 R 2 4
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 52
Filter Design by the Insertion
Loss Method
compare this equation with the
maximally flat equation, we have
2
R=1, ( RC L ) 0
which implies C = L as R = 1
2
( LC) / 4 1 which implies C = L = 2
4 k 2 L2C 2R 2 / 4R
jXL L SC
Zo=L
at c
jBc C OC
Zo=1/C
EE 41139 Microwave Technique 61
Filter Implementation
there are four Kuroda identities to
perform any of the following operations:
physically separate transmission line stubs
transform series stubs into shunt stubs, or
vice versa
change impractical characteristic
impedances into more realizable ones
Y1 Yo Yo+Y1
Z1 Zo(1+Zo/Z1)
Zo Zo+Z1