CERVICA

L
CANCER
 CERVIX
 Is the lower third portion
of the uterus
 Connects the body of the
uterus to the vagina (birth
canal)
 CERVICAL CANCER
 Cancer of the female reproductive
tract
 Begins in the lining of the cervix
 Cells changes from the normal to
pre-cancer (dysplasia) and then to
cancer
 The easiest gynecologic cancer to
prevent through screening
 2 cell types present (squamous and
glandular)
 Cervical cancers tend to occur
where the 2 cell types meet
Three Types:
 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
 Cancer of flat epithelial cells
 80%-90%

 ADENOCARCINOMAS
 Cancer arising from glandular epithelium
 10-20%

 MIXED CARCINOMA
 Features both types
Causes:
 The central cause of cervical cancer is virus
 This virus is called HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
 HPV is sexually transmitted
 HPV detected today could have been acquired
years ago
 Signs & Symptoms:
 Vaginal bleeding
 Menstrual bleeding is longer and
heavier than usual
 Bleeding after menopause or increase
vaginal discharge
 Bleeding following intercourse or
pelvic exam
 Pain during intercourse
 HPV infection – Primary Factor
 HPV 16, HPV 18, HPV 33, HPV 45
 50% caused by HPV 16 & 18
 Smoking
 Sexual behavior
 HIV infection
 Chlamydia infection
 Diet
 Weakened immune system
 Several pregnancies
 Giving birth at a very young age
 Long term use of contraceptive pill
 Family history
Pathophysiology:
 file://localhost/Users/angelicaagbayani/Desktop/C
ervical_Cancer.docx
Diagnostics:
 Pap Smear

 HPV Testing
Diagnostics cont..
 HPV DNA Test

 Cervical Examination
Diagnostics cont..
 Cone Biopsy
Diagnosis (Staging):
 STAGE 1- Cancer confirmed in cervix
 STAGE 2- Cancer at this stage includes cervix and
vagina but hasn’t spread to the pelvic side wall or
the lower portion of vagina
 STAGE 3- cancer moved beyond cervix to the
pelvic side wall or the lower portion of the vagina
 STAGE 4- spread to nearby organ, such as the
bladder or rectum, or it has spread to other areas of
the body, such as lungs, liver or bones.
Medications:
 Common chemotherapy medicines
used to treat cervical cancer include:
 Bevacizumab
 Carboplatin
 Cisplatin
 Docetaxel
 Fluorouracil
 Gemcitabine
 Ifosfamide
 Mitomycin
 Paclitaxel