NUST School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering

ME-311 Machine Design

Lecture 5

Instructor: Dr. Samiur Rahman Shah

Screws, keys and non-permanent fasteners:
Design of Screws, Fasteners, and Connections
Thread Standards & definitions
Power Screws
Thread Stresses
Threaded Fasteners
Bolted Joints In Tension & Compression
Torque requirements
Strength Specifications
Selection of the Nut
Bolt Pre-Load & Fatigue Strength
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Screws, Keys and Couplings, Screws:
Gasket Joints
Bolt & Riveted Joints in  Shear
Centroid of Bolt/ Rivet Groups
Eccentric Loading of Bolt & Rivet Joints
Keys, Pins & Retainers.

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• Screws, Fasteners and Connections
A designer often needs to form a part of a certain shape to
achieve a design goal
Often, the part may be complicated in nature, too
complicated to be formed in one piece as a casting or
machined part
For this, the part is made in separate parts and is joined
together via fasteners
Often, the fastening has to be of nonpermanent nature
The most common form of nonpermanent fastener is the
screw

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• Thread standards and definitions
Terminology of screw threads is given as under :
The pitch is the distance between adjacent thread forms
measured parallel to the thread axis. The pitch in U.S. units
is the reciprocal of the number of thread forms per inch N
The major diameter d is the largest diameter of a screw
thread
The minor diameter dr or d1 is the smallest diameter of a
screw thread
The lead l, is the distance the nut moves parallel to the
screw axis when the nut is given one turn. For a single
thread screw, the lead is equal to the pitch
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A multiple threaded screw is one having multiple threads
cut alongside each other. Standardised screws, nuts and
bolts are all single threaded
All threads are made right-handed unless otherwise noted

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Figure shows geometry of the metric M and MJ profile
M replaces the inch class and is the basic ISO profile with 60o
threads
MJ has a rounded root (ext. thr.) and greater minor diameter
(ext. & int. thr.) to better resist fatigue loads
Basic thread profile for M and MJ threads.
D(d) = basic major diameter of internal (external) thread;
D1(d1) = basic minor diameter of internal (external) thread
D2(d2) = basic pitch diameter of internal (external) thread
p = pitch
H = 0.5(3)1/2p

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Page 8
Pitch p is for metric sizes
Tensile strength of
threaded rod is equal to
an unthreaded rod of
diameter mean of minor
and pitch diameters. At is
the tensile stress area
corresponding to this
diameter
Size stated as M16x2

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• Square and ACME threads
Used on screws where power is to be transmitted
Preferred sizes of these threads is given as

Other sizes may be made, standardisation not required

Square threads may be made with an included angle of 10 to
15o, so as to make cutting easier
ACME threads may be cut with a greater minor diameter to
increase strength

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• Square and ACME threads

Square thread ACME thread

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• Power screws
Change angular to linear motion –
transmit power
Lead screws, screws for clamps, jacks,
vices, presses
Jack consists of worm, worm gear, nut
and screw

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• Power screws calculations
Power screw thread
nomenclature
p = pitch
F = axial force
ψ = helix angle
λ = lead angle
Calculation for raising and
lowering torque

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For this, the thread is developed for
one single turn
For raising load
F H  P  N sin   fN cos   0

F v  F  fN sin   N cos   0

For lowering load

F H   P  N sin   fN cos   0

F v  F  fN sin   N cos   0

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Eliminating normal force N, to solve
for result P
For raising load
F  sin   f cos  
P
cos   f sin 
For lowering load
F  f cos   sin  
P
cos   f cos 
We know that
l
tan  
  dm

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Dividing the whole equation by tan λ
For raising load
F  l   dm   f 
P
1   f  l   dm 
For lowering load
F  f   l   dm 
P
1   f  l   dm 
Using the mean radius, we may
calculate torque
Fd m  l  f  d m  Fd m  f  d m  l 
T   T  
2    d m  fl  2    d m  fl 

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Thank you

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