HISTORY OF

ORGANIZATIONA
L BEHAVIOR

Presented by- A.Raj Shravanthi

 Classical View
 Bureaucracy
 Scientific Management
 Administrative EARLY
MANAGEMENT
 Neoclassical APPROACHES
 Human Relations Movement
 Chester Barnard
 Integrating management
theories
MODERN

 Contingency
System Approach MANAGEMENT
APPROACHES
 Behavioural approach
 Quantitative approach
Classical Administration
Theory
Classical View (Early 1900s-1920)
Bureaucracy:
Max Weber(father of modern
sociology)
Strict chain of command, detailed rules,
high specialization, centralized power,
and selection and promotion based on
technical competence
 Classical Administration
Theory
Scientific management:
 Focusses on worker & machine relationship.
 Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific
Management.
 Published- Principles of Scientific
Management
 Gilberth- “one best way” of doing work
 Motion study & time study
 Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts
 Henry focussed on motivational schemes,
 Classical Administration
Theory
Administrative Management:
 Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized the
concept of the “universality of
management principles”
 Father of Modern Management.

 Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way to

manage an organization and achieve its goals

 High specialization of labour (each dept

tended to its own business, and decision

making was centralized)
Neoclassical School
 Human relations
 Chester Barnard(1886-
1961)
 Human Relations Movement
 Advocates management styles that are
more participative and oriented towards
employee needs
 Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric
Company; 1924-1932
 Initiated as an attempt to investigate how
characteristics of the work setting affect
employee fatigue and performance (i.e.,
lighting)
 Found that productivity increased regardless
of whether illumination was raised or lowered
Chester Barnard
 3 top functions of executives-
1. Establish and maintain an
effective communication system
2. Hire and retain effective personnel
3. Motivate those personnel
 He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of
Authority;
Modern management approach
 System theory
 Contingency view
 Behavioural approach
 Quntitative approach
System approach
 Emerged during 1940s and World War-2

System is also an organization just like a
human body.

it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly
of things interconnection or interdependent , so as to
form a complex unites”

Any degree of change will affect some
other system.

Firstly applied in the fields of science
and engineering system.
 There are 2 major types of system:
1)open system. 2) Closed
system.
System Approach
Sub Systems

Goals and Values

Technology

Inputs Structure Outputs

Public

Government
Contingency View(mid 1960s)
 Also called Situational approach
 Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation
process and the characteristic of the
situation.
 It assumes that managerial behaviour
is dependent on wide variety of
elements.
Behavioural approach
 It is improved and more mature version of
the human relations approach.
 Scientists like Douglas McGregor, Abraham
Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard,
Mary Parker Follet etc contributed to this
behavioural approach hence they are
called Behavioural scientists.
 Their contributions helped in
understanding OB.
Quantitative approach
 Also called the management science approach
 It gained momentum during 2nd world war to
seek solutions to complex problems in
warfare
 The scientists engaged for this purpose
were known as Operations Research
teams(‘.’ it included contruction of
mathematical models to simulate the
problem)
References
Textbooks :
 Organisational Behaviour- Stephen P. Robbins

 Principles of Management- Harold Koontz,

Heinz Weihrich, A Ramachandran Aryasri.

Internet :
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizational_studie

s
 www.prenhall.com