 On Earth motion always

involved a resistive medium such

as air or water. Aristotle did
not consider motion in the
absence of an interacting
medium.
Aristotelian motion required
that an object requires a push
or pull to keep it moving.
Galileo showed that physics
should be investigated by
experiment rather than
logic…
In this way he can be considered
the father of modern
investigative methods used in the
way we study modern science...
 Galileo disagreed with this
principle and he postulated that
if there is no interference with
a moving object, it will keep
moving in a straight line forever;
no push, pull, or force of any Galileo showed that physics
kind is necessary. should be investigated by
 Galileo tested this hypothesis experiment rather than
by experimenting with the logic…
motion of various objects on
plane surfaces tilted at various In this way he can be considered
angles.
the father of modern
investigative methods used in the
way we study modern science...
 Galileo tested his
hypothesis by
experimenting with the
motion of various objects
on plane surfaces tilted at
Balls rolling on Balls rolling on
various angles.
 Balls rolling on downward
downward sloping upward sloping
sloping planes picked up planes speed up ... planes slow
speed down...
 Balls rolling on upward
sloping planes lost speed.
Prediction: balls rolling along a
horizontal plane would neither
speed up nor slow down
 Galileo's Inclined Planes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
From this he predicted
that balls rolling along a
horizontal plane would
neither speed up nor slow
down.
Balls rolling on Balls rolling on
downward sloping upward sloping
The ball would finally planes speed up ... planes slow
come to rest not because
down...
of its "nature" but because
of friction.
Prediction: balls rolling along a
horizontal plane would neither
speed up nor slow down
 This idea was supported
by observation of motion
along smoother surfaces.
 The motion of objects
persisted for a longer time
when there was less Balls rolling on Balls rolling on
friction. downward sloping upward sloping
 Lessening the friction planes speed up ... planes slow
caused the motion afforded down...
a greater to approached
constant speed
Prediction: balls rolling along a
horizontal plane would neither
speed up nor slow down
Galileo’s marble experiment
Moving at a constant velocity to keep
moving unless acted upon by friction.

a. The smoother the inclined plane, the

lesser the difference between the
initial and final heights.
b. Marble would return to its original
height when it roll in the opposite
end.
c. The result would still be the same
even if the angle of the opposite
inclined plane is changed.
 Lessening the friction
caused the motion
afforded a greater to
approached constant speed
 He predicted that, in
Balls rolling on Balls rolling on
the absence of friction or downward sloping upward sloping
other opposing forces, a
horizontally moving object planes speed up ... planes slow
would continue moving down...
indefinitely.
Prediction: balls rolling along a
horizontal plane would neither
speed up nor slow down
 Galileo placed two of his
inclined planes facing each
other.

 A ball released from a

position of rest at the top of
a downward sloping plane
rolled down and then up the
slope of the upward sloping
plane until it almost reached
its initial height.
 He inferred that only
friction prevented it from
rising to exactly the same
height, for the smoother
the planes, the more nearly
the ball rose to the same
height.
 Reducing the angle of the
upward sloping plane causes
the ball to rise to the same
height as before, but will
never reach its initial
height.
 Galileo's Inclined Planes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Balls rolling on upward sloping
planes lost speed.
 Balls rolling on downward
sloping planes picked up speed
He hypothesized that balls
rolling along a horizontal plane
should neither speed up nor
slow down.
 The ball would finally come to
rest not because of its "nature"
but because of friction
 Galileo's Inclined Planes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The motion of objects
persisted for a longer time
when there was less friction;
reducing the friction makes
the motion approached
constant speed.
He predicted that, in the
absence of friction or other
opposing forces, a horizontally
moving object would continue
moving indefinitely.
 Galileo's Inclined Planes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 The tendency of the ball is
to move forever without
slowing down in the absence
of retarding forces.
 The property of an object
to resist changes in motion is The property of an object to resist
called inertia. changes in motion is called inertia...
 In the absence of Aristotle did not imagine motion without
friction so physics got stuck for 2000 years...
retarding forces, the Galileo realized that friction was a force like
tendency of the ball is to any other push or pull and so developed the
move forever without slowing idea of inertia...
down. Thus Newton presents a completely new
concept of the Universe...
Newton's laws are really a restatement of
the concept of inertia as proposed
earlier by Galileo.
Aristotle did not imagine
motion without friction so
physics got stuck for 2000
years.
Galileo realized that
friction was a force like any
other push or pull and so
developed the idea of
inertia…
The property of an object to resist
changes in motion is called inertia...
Aristotle did not imagine motion without
friction so physics got stuck for 2000 years...
Galileo realized that friction was a force like
any other push or pull and so developed the
idea of inertia...
Thus Newton presents a completely new
concept of the Universe...
Newton's laws are really a restatement of
the concept of inertia as proposed
earlier by Galileo.
 Thus the Earth of any
other celestial body did not
need to be constantly
pushed for them to show
movement...
 So now onto Newton's
Laws of Motion…
The property of an object to resist
changes in motion is called inertia...
Aristotle did not imagine motion without
friction so physics got stuck for 2000 years...
Galileo realized that friction was a force like
any other push or pull and so developed the
idea of inertia...
Thus Newton presents a completely new
concept of the Universe...
Newton's laws are really a restatement of
the concept of inertia as proposed
earlier by Galileo.
Activity/Assessment
Compose a jingle about the Aristotle and Galileo’s
Principle about motion
Criteria
Content – 20 pts
Originality – 20 pts
Teamwork – 10pts
Post-Assessment (What I Learned?)
• 1. what is Motion?
• 2. Are their any factors that causes motion?
• 3. Which of the two Ancient Greek Scientists
theory is correct in understanding the concept of
motion?
Assignment

•Read in advance about

Newton’s Laws of Motion