F

B A

W  F .S  FS cos      SF
 Dot Product :

W  F .x  F cos  x  Fx cos 
Berapa besar kerja yang dilakukan ???????
Kerja oleh gaya yang berubah
Work done by a variable force
 Conservative Force

A conservative force may be defined as

one for which the work done in moving
between two points A and B is
independent of the path taken between the
two points.
 DAYA (P watt)

Daya adalah kerja yang dilakukan setiap

satuan waktu.
W
Daya rata-rata : P
t

Daya sesaat : dW dS
P  F.  F .V
dt dt
 Kinetic Energy
(Ek Joule)

Kinetic energy is energy of motion. The kinetic

energy of an object is the energy it possesses
because of its motion. The kinetic energy* of a point
mass m is given by
Kinetic Energy Concept
More Detail on Kinetic Energy Concept
For any function of x, the work may be calculated as the area under the
curve by performing the integral
 Potential Energy

Potential energy is energy which results from position or

configuration. An object may have the capacity for doing
work as a result of its position in a gravitational field (
gravitational potential energy), an electric field (
electric potential energy), or a magnetic field (
magnetic potential energy). It may have
elastic potential energy as a result of a stretched spring
or other elastic deformation.
 Potential Energy Function

If a force acting on an object is a function of position

only, it is said to be a conservative force, and it can
be represented by a potential energy function which
for a one-dimensional case satisfies the derivative
condition

The integral form of this relationship is

 Potential Energy Concept

The potential energy U is equal to the work

you must do to move an object from the
U=0 reference point to the position r. The
reference point at which you assign the
value U=0 is arbitrary, so may be chosen
for convenience, like choosing the origin of
a coordinate system.

The force on an object is the negative of the derivative of

the potential function U. This means it is the negative of the
slope of the potential energy curve. Plots of potential
functions are valuable aids to visualizing the change of the
force in a given region of space.
 Spring Potential Energy
Since the change in Potential energy of an object between two positions is equal
to the work that must be done to move the object from one point to the other, the
calculation of potential energy is equivalent to calculating the work. Since the
force required to stretch a spring changes with distance, the calculation of the
work involves an integral.

The work can also be visualized as the

area under the force curve:
 Gravitational Potential Energy

The general expression for gravitational potential energy arises from

the law of gravity and is equal to the work done against gravity to
bring a mass to a given point in space. Because of the
inverse square nature of the gravity force, the force approaches
zero for large distances, and it makes sense to choose the
zero of gravitational potential energy at an infinite distance away.

The gravitational potential energy near a planet is then negative,

since gravity does positive work as the mass approaches. This
negative potential is indicative of a "bound state"; once a mass is
near a large body, it is trapped until something can provide enough
energy to allow it to escape. The general form of the gravitational
potential energy of mass m is:
However, for objects near the earth the acceleration of
gravity g can be considered to be approximately
constant and the expression for potential energy relative
to the Earth's surface becomes

where h is the height above the surface and g is the

surface value of the acceleration of gravity.
Gravitational Potential
Gravitational Potential Integral
Energy of a Truck
Potential Energy
 Potential Energy Derivative
If the potential energy function U is known, the force at any point
can be obtained by taking the derivative of the potential.
 Potential Energy Integral
If the force is known, and is a conservative force, then
the potential energy can be obtained by integrating the
force.
 Conservation of Energy
Energy can be defined as the capacity for doing work. It may
exist in a variety of forms and may be transformed from one
type of energy to another. However, these energy
transformations are constrained by a fundamental principle,
the Conservation of Energy principle. One way to state this
principle is "Energy can neither be created nor destroyed".
Another approach is to say that the total energy of an isolated
system remains constant.
Energy in Mass on Spring