CGD NETWORK

CGD

 City gas distribution is an interconnected network of pipelines

used for the distribution of gas to domestic / commercial/
industrial consumers .

 It is in the form of PNG (low pressure distribution network)

and to the automobiles in the form of CNG (high pressure
distribution network).
CGD

 The City Gas Distribution system consists of underground

pipeline distribution network inside the city to supply natural
gas to different consumers for varied applications
General Description of CGD

 Objective :Delivery of natural gas to different sectors.

 City Gate station : Depressurization, metering odorisation.
 Pipeline quality natural gas
 Leak Management system
 Construction & Management activities
CGD

 Regulating stations:
 Regulating stations contain equipment for pressure regulation and
for quick switching off of gas supply
 with associated pipes
 Operations & maintenance inspection.
 Repair activities.
 Training.
CGD- Line Diagram
Transportation Sector

CNG : (compressed natural gas) has a Research Octane

Number in excess of 120. The excellent knock resisting
property of CNG allows for use of a higher compression
ratio resulting in an increased power output and greater fuel
economy when compared to petrol.

CNG can be used in engines with a compression ratio as high

as 12:1 compared to normal gasoline (7.5:1 to 10:1). At this
high compression ratio, natural gas-fuelled engines have
higher thermal efficiencies than those fuelled by gasoline.
Transportation Sector

 The fuel efficiency of CNG driven engines is about 10-

20% better than diesel engines.
 Pressure of CNG used for vehicles is 250 bars.
Cheapest & Cleanest
Benefits of CNG

 Environmental
 No impurities, No Sulphur (S), No lead (Pb)
 Very low levels of polluting gaseous emissions without smell and dust
 Molecular structure compactness prevents the reactive processes which lead
to the formation of Ozone (O3) in the troposphere.
Technical

• Very high antiknock power (more than 120 ON) allows greater
performance compared to petrol one.
• Does not require refining plant or additive adding and can be used
immediately after its extraction.
It has no evaporation leaks and spills of fuel, both during refueling
and feeding of the car.
• Its combustion produces a very low quantity of carbon deposits (permits
a longer life of lubricant oil, spark plug, piston drum, valves & other
components)
Safety

 Lighter than air - in case of leak no dangerous puddles

 Unlikely to ignite due to:
 High ignition temperature
 Narrow range of ignition
 Lowest injury and death rate per vehicle mile
 CNG cylinders structurally most sound and have passed every
severe test
Economy

 Cheaper than conventional fuel.

 Pay back period is short
Disadvantage

 Large storage space required.

 Gas Infrastructure.
 PNG(Piped Natural Gas)

Main difference between CNG and PNG is; natural gas operated at high
pressure about 250 bar as a vehicular fuel is called CNG ; where as when
the natural gas with same composition is operated at low pressure below 4
bar for domestic , commercial and industrial purposes is known as PNG.

 PNG is supplied by using polyethylene pipeline and copper pipelines.

PNG has several distinctions to its credit- of being a pollution-free fuel,

easily accessible minus storage troubles, and being available at very
competitive rates.
Benefits of PNG

 Uninterrupted Supply
 Unmatched Convenience
 Safety
 Customer Support
 A Versatile Fuel
 Environment Friendly
 No Daily Liasioning
 No Spillage or Pilferage
 Billing-No-Upfront Payment
 Lower Maintenance Cost
Design of Gas Network

 High Pressure Network

 Distribution Network
 Customer Installations
Gas Network
CGD in India
 High Pressure Network

 Long Distance
 Material- Steel
 Number of pipes designed for different pressure range
 Transmission- MR – Distribution.
 Power Stations, Gas Turbine, Heavy Industries
Distribution Network

 MR – Consumer (DRS)
 Material- PE
 Pressure –Maximum 4 bar.
 Domestic- Maximum 100 mbar.
Technical Design of Distribution Network

 MR (Measurement & Regulating Station)

 Part of high pressure system & point of separating high
pressure system & distributing system.
 Pressure, flow, temperature are measured
Line Network

 Design
 Two Pressure Levels : 4bar & 100 mbar
 Low Pressure for family dwelling.
 Pipe capacity increase with pressure.
 Highest possible safety
 Ring Networks.
Pressure Range in CGD
Safety Distance

 Densely areas – 2m with protection

 Outside densely- 12m without protection.

 Pipe Material:
 PE for distribution
 Steel for transmission.
Jointing of pipes

 Large dimensional pipes are not economical

 If De=225mm then steel pipelines are used

 Jointing of pipes:
 Welding
 Butt welding
 Electro-sleeve welding
Butt Fusion
Corrosion Resistance

 PE: No special requirement for corrosion

 Steel Pipes
 Protective surface coating
 Electrochemical protection
 Cathodic protection.
District Regulating Stations

 Purpose : to reduce pressure form 4 bar to 100mbar.

 100 mbar for residential district.
Service Pipes

 Connection with individual pipes

 ND 25mm.