‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫‪‬علما‪‬زدني‪‬رب‪‬وقل‪‬‬
‫( رب اشرح لي صدري ويسر لي امري‬
‫واحلل عقدة من لساني يفقهوا قولي )‬
The Islamic University Of Gaza
Faculty Of Engineering
Electrical Engineering Department
Advanced Technical English

Programmable Logic controllers (PLC)

BY : Marwan Hammouda 120030606

Sabri Mohammed Radi 120030171

To : Dr . Basil Hamad
 : Functions of Controllers

 On-off control
 Sequential control
 Feedback control
 Mation control
 :Control Devices

 Mechanical control
 Pneumatic control
 Electromechanical control
 Electronic control
 Computer control
Programmable Logic controllers
PLCs

 Were introduced in 1968

 Were primarily intended to replace relay
devices , so it is appropriate to be familiar
with the components used in relay devices
 PLCs (continue)
 The National Electrical Manufacturing Associatioin
(NEMA) defines the PLC as

“A digitally operating electronic apparatus which uses a

programmable memory for the internal storage of
instructions by implementing specific functions such as
logic sequencing, timing, counting, and arithmetic to
control, through digital or analog input/output modules,
various types of machines or processes. The digital
computer which is used to perform the functions of a
programmable controller is considered to be within this
scope. Excluded are drum and other similar mechanical
sequencing controllers."
 ? Why is the PLC
 Cost effective for controlling complex systems.

 Flexible and can be reapplied to control other

systems quickly and easily
 Computational abilities allow more sophisticated
control.

Trouble shooting aids make programming easier
and reduce downtime

Reliable components make these likely to operate
for years before failure
 PLC Architecture

PC
Program
Loader
Switches

Printer
I/O
Processor
Modules Machines
Cassette
Loader
Power
EPROM Memory Supply
Loader

Peripherals External Devices

 : PLC Components
 Processor : The processor (CPU) scans the status of the
input peripheral , examines the control logic to see what
action to take , and then excute the appropriate output
response

 Memory : the control program and the peripheral status

are stored in the memory
ROM( Read Only Memory )
RAM (Random Access Memory),
PROM (Programmable Read Only Memory),
,EEPROM (Electric Erasable Programmable ROM)
EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only
Memory),
EAPROM (Electronically Alterable Programmable
 PLC Components (continue)
 Input/Output :
modular plug-in periphery
Ac voltage input and output
Dc voltage input and output
Low level analog input
High level analog input and output
Specail purpose modulas
 Powre supply : Ac power
 Peripherals : Hand-Held Programmer ( HHP)
CRT programmer
Operetor console
Printer
Simulator
EPROM loader
Graphics processor
A Hand Held Programmer

An Allen-Bradley hand-held programmer for MicroLogix 1000

 PLC Programming
 Ladder Diagram - most common
 Structure Text Programming (ST)
 Functional Block Programming (FB)
 Instruction List (IL)
 Sequential Function Chart (SFC)
 Ladder Diagram

A ladder diagram (also called contact symbology)

is a means of graphically representing the logic
required Rail
in a relay logic system.
start emergency stop
PB1 PB2
Rung R1

R1

R1

A
 PLC Ladder Diagram
INSTRUCTIONS
1) Relay,  Hint : Relay , timer
and counter
2) Timer and counter, instructions are the
3) Program control, most fundemental
because they
4) Arithmetic, correspond to what
5) Data manipulation, is on a ladder
diagram and are
6) Data transfer, and avaliable on all
7) Others, such as PLCs so we limit our
sequencers. disscusion to them
 Relay
A Relay consists of two parts, the coil and the contact(s).
Contacts:
a. Normally open -| |-
b. Normally closed -|/|-
c. Positive transition sensing -|P|-
d. Negative transition sensing -|N|- contact
Coil:
a. Coil -( )-
b. negative coil -(/)-
c. Set Coil -(S)- coil

d. Reset Coil -(R)-

input
 Relay (continue)

Coil:
e. Retentive memory Coil -(M)-
f. Set retentive memory Coil -(SM)-
g. Reset retentive memory Coil -(RM)-
h. Positive Transition-sensing Coil -(P)-
h. Negative Transition-sensing Coil -(N)-

(set coil latches the state, reset coil deenergize the set coil.
retentive coil retain the state after power failure.)
 TIMERS AND COUNTERS
Timers:
a. Retentive on delay - Input
(RTO)- True False True
b. Retentive off delay -
(RTF)- RTO counting stop counting
resume
c. Reset -(RST)-
RTF stop counting stop

Counter:
a. Counter up -(CTU)- RTO reach PR value, output ON
RTF reach PR value, output OFF
b. Counter down -(CTD)-
PR value in 0.1 second
c. Counter reset -(CTR)-
 TIMERS AND
COUNTERS(continue)

Clock
input
Register 5
Accumulator
reset
Accumulator
reset
Register

contact
contact
Contact
output
output

COUNTER TIMER
THANKS ALL