General Chemistry 2:

Intermolecular forces
of Attraction
ENGR. ANTHONY V. ABESADO
Properties of Liquids

 Surface Tension
 Capillary Action
 Viscosity
 Vapor Pressure
 Boiling point
 Molar Heat of Evaporation
What is Surface Tension?

 The surface tension is defined as the amount of

energy required to stretch or increase the surface of
a liquid by a unit area. In the other hand, Liquids
that have strong intermolecular forces also have
high surface tensions. Thus, because of hydrogen
bonding, water has a considerably greater surface
tension than most other liquids.
What is Capillary Action?

 Capillary action is the tendency of a liquid

to rise in narrow tubes or be drawn into
small openings such as those between grains
of a rock. Capillary action, also known as
capillarity, is a result of intermolecular
attraction between the liquid and solid
materials.
What is Capillary Action?

 Cohesion is the intermolecular attraction

between like molecules (the liquid
molecules).
 Adhesion is an attraction between unlike
molecules (such as those in water and in the
particles that make up the glass tube).
What is Viscosity?

 Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow. The

Liquids Viscosity (in Ns/m2) at
greater the viscosity, the slower the liquid flows. 20oC
 Viscosity is expressed in units of centipoise. The table Acetone (C3H6O) 3.16 x 10-4
Benzene (C6H6) 6.25 x 10-4
below gives viscosities of liquids of some pure substances.
Carbon Tetrachloride 9.69 x 10-4
Water has viscosity of 1 centipoise or 0.001 Pa/s at 20oC. (CCl4)
Diethyl ether 2.33 x 10-4
(C2H5OC2H5)
Ethanol (C2H5OH) 1.20 x 10-3
Glycerol (C2H8O3) 1.49
Mercury (Hg) 1.55 x 10-3
Water (H2O) 1.01 x 10-3
What is
Vapor
Pressure?
Boiling Point and Molar Heat of
Evaporation
 In relation to the Intermolecular forces of any liquids it can affect the boiling
point. As the temperature increases and reaches to its boiling point the
intermolecular attraction breaks up and resulted to change of phase from liquid to
gas state.

 The molar heat of vaporization (ΔHvap) is the energy required to vaporize 1 mole
of a liquid at a given temperature. H is the symbol for enthalpy, which means heat
content at a given standard condition. The unit for the molar heat of vaporization
is in Kilojoule per mole (KJ/mol).