PHILIPPINE HISTORY

SPANISH ERA
Spanish Colonization (1521 -
1898)
Ferdinand Magellan arrived in the
Philippines in 1521.

 Magellan landed on the island

of Cebu, claiming the lands for Spain
and naming them Islas de San
Lazaro. 

He set up friendly relations with

some of the local chieftains and
converted some of them to
Roman Catholicism. 
  Magellan's Cross is a Christian cross planted
by Portuguese, and Spanish explorers as ordered
by Ferdinand Magellan upon arriving in Cebu in
the Philippines on April 14, 1521.

A sign below the cross describes the original cross is

encased inside the wooden cross that is found in the
center of the chapel. This is to protect the original
cross from people who chipped away parts of the
cross for souvenir purposes or in the belief that the
cross possesses miraculous powers. Some people,
however, believe that the original cross had been
destroyed or had disappeared after Magellan's death.
Lapu-Lapu was a ruler of Mactan, who
is known as the first native of the
archipelago to have resisted the
Spanish colonization.

On the morning of April 27, 1521, Lapu-Lapu

led 3,000 warriors in a battle
against Portuguese explorer and
conquistador Ferdinand Magellan who led a
force of forty-nine Spanish soldiers and 6000
native warriors from Cebu. During the battle
Magellan and several of his men were killed.
The Battle of Mactan - Many of
the warriors attacked Magellan;
he was wounded in the arm with a
spear and in the leg by
a kampilan. With this advantage,
Lapu-Lapu's troops finally
overpowered and killed Magellan.
He was stabbed and hacked by
spears and swords.
Magellan introduced
Christianity in Cebu
 REASONS FOR
COLONIZATION:3G
 GOD

THE CONVERSION
OF NATIVES TO
CHRISTIANITY
 GOLD

ACCUMULATION OF
GOLD AND WEALTH
 GLORY

SUPREMACY OF SPAIN
OVER PORTUGAL AS A
SUPERPOWER
 SPAIN’S
CONTRIBUTION
 The Residencia

This was a special judicial court that investigates

the performance of a governor general who was
about to be replaced. The residencia, of which
the incoming governor general was usually a
member, submitted a report of its findings to the
King.

The Visita
The Council of the Indies in Spain sent a
government official called the Vistador
General to observe conditions in the
colony. The Visitador General reported
his findings directly to the King.
The Encomienda was introduced in the Philippines when Legaspi,
in compliance with the decree issued by King Philip II in 1558,
distributed lands in Cebu to loyal Spanish subjects. These men had
helped conquer the Philippines. The encomienda was not actually a
land grant but was a favor from the kind under which the Spaniard
receiving his favor was given the right to collect tributes–or taxes–
from the inhabitants of the area assigned to him. The man who
received this favor was called an encomendero. The encomienda
was, therefore, a public office
 TRIBUTE

In July 26, 1523, King Charles V decreed that

Indians who had been pacified
should contribute a “moderate amount” in
recognition of their vassalage.
 The Spaniards closed the ports of Manila to all countries except Mexico.
Thus, the Manila–Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was
born. The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. Only two galleons
were used: One sailed from Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos
worth of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed from Manila to
Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos worth of goods spending 90 days at sea.
CHALLENGES
TO SPANISH
AUTHORITY
 Tondo Conspiracy of 1587–1588 was a plot against Spanish
colonial rule by the Tagalog and Kapampangan noblemen,
or datus, of Manila and some towns
of Bulacan and Pampanga, in the Philippines. It was led by
Agustín de Legazpi, grandson of conquistador Miguel Lopez
de Legaspi.
 The Tamblot Uprising of 1621, also known as the Tamblot
Revolution or Tamblot Revolt, was led by Tamblot,
a babaylan or native priest from the island of Bohol in the
Philippines. It was basically a religious conflict.Tamblot exhorted
his people to return to the faith of their forefathers and free
themselves from Spanish oppression.
Diego Silang y Andaya (December 16, 1730 – May 28, 1763) was a
revolutionary leader who conspired with British forces to
overthrow Spanish rule in the northern Philippines and establish an
independent Ilocano nation. His revolt was fueled by grievances
stemming from Spanish taxation and abuses, and by his belief in self-
government, that the administration and leadership of the Roman
Catholic Church and government in the Ilocos be invested in trained
Ilocano officials.
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Peace of
Paris and the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10
February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great
Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in
agreement, after Britain's victory over France and
Spain during the Seven Years' War.
 Tobacco was introduced in the Philippines in the late
16th century during the era of Spanish
colonization when the Augustinians brought cigar
tobacco seeds to the colony for cultivation. In
1686, William Dampier visited Mindanao and observed
that smoking was a widespread custom. It had also
become an article of foreign trade with
the Dutch from Tidore and Ternate buying rice, bees
wax and tobacco from the Spanish colony.
 The connection of Suez Kanal (Canal) to Philippine History is very
important. When it opened in 1869, it paved way for foreign traders to do
business with many countries. Philippines was one of those who
benefited from its operation, not only in terms of business (economy),
but also about way of life. Contact with westerners who came to trade
with Philippines brought-in new ideas, knowledge/education, and other
things.
Three martyr priests are publicly garroted as alleged
leaders of the Cavite Conspiracy, a movement for
secularization and nationalism, which is distasteful to
the Spanish friars. They are Jose Burgos (born Feb 9,
1837), Mariano Gomez (born Aug 2, 1799) and
Jacinto Zamora (born Aug 14, 1835). 
THE RISE
OF
FILIPINO
NATIONA
LISM
TH
EC
FO AM
RR PAI
EFO GN
RM
S
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
 The Propaganda Movement was a literary and cultural organization
formed in 1872 by Filipino émigrés who had settled in Europe.
Composed of Filipino liberals exiled in 1872 and students attending
Europe's universities, the organization aimed to increase Spanish
awareness of the needs of its colony, the Philippines. Its prominent
members included Jose Rizal, author of Noli Me Tangere (novel) and El
Filibusterismo, Graciano López Jaena, publisher of La Solidaridad, the
movement's principal organ, Mariano Ponce, the organization's secretary
and Marcelo H. del Pilar.
Goals Specifically, the Propagandists aims were:
1.Representation of the Philippines in the Cortes Generales, the 2.Spanish
parliament;
3.Secularization of the clergy;
4.Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality;
5.Creation of a Public school (government funded)public school system
independent of the friars;
6.Abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local
products to the government).
7.Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and Freedom of association.
8.Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service;
9.Recognition of the Philippines as a province of Spain;
10.Secularization of Philippine parishes; Recognition of human rights
 FILIPINO
REFORMIST
S
Graciano López
Graciano López Jaena (December
Jaena (December 18, 18, 1856-January
1856-January 20, 20, 1896)
1896) was
was aa
journalist, orator,
journalist, orator, revolutionary,
revolutionary, and
and national
national hero
hero from Iloilo,
from Iloilo,
the Philippines, who
the Philippines, who is
is well
well known
known forfor his
his newspaper, La
newspaper, La
Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard
Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard López
López Jaena,
Jaena, along
along with Marcelo
with Marcelo
H. del
H. del Pilar and José
Pilar and José Rizal,
Rizal, as
as the triumvirate of
the triumvirate of Filipino
Filipino propagandists.
propagandists. Of
Of
these three ilustrados,
these three ilustrados, López
López Jaena
Jaena was
was the
the first
first to
to arrive
arrive in Spain and
in Spain and may
may
have founded
have founded the
the genesis
genesis of
of the
the Propaganda
Propaganda Movement.
Movement.
José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda(June 19,
1861 – December 30, 1896), was a Filipino nationalist,
writer and reformist. He is widely considered the
greatest national hero of the Philippines. He was the author
of Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo and a number of
poems and essays. He was executed on December 30, 1896.
Marcelo Hilario del Pilar y Gatmaitán (August 30, 1850
– July 4, 1896), better known by his pen name Plaridel,
was a Filipino writer, lawyer, and journalist. He was
the second and last editor of the La
Solidaridad (Solidarity), the newspaper of the Reform
Movement in Spain.
La Liga Filipina (English: The Philippine League) was a progressive
organization created by Dr. José Rizal in the Philippines in the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco at Ilaya Street, Tondo, Manila in 1892.
.
 The Katipunan was a Philippine revolutionary society founded by anti-
Spanish Filipinos in Manila in 1892, whose primary aim was to gain
independence from Spain through revolution. The society was initiated by
Filipino patriots Andrés Bonifacio, Teodoro Plata,Ladislao Diwa, and others
on the night of July 7, when Filipino writer José Rizal was to be banished
to Dapitan. Initially, the Katipunan was a secret organization until its
discovery in 1896 that led to the outbreak of the Philippine Revolution.
 RIZAL WAS EXILED
AT DAPITAN.
THEN WENT TO CUBA
AND RETURNED AT
MANILA.
KATIPUNAN
WAS
DISCOVERED
  The Spanish Governor Ramon Blanco proclaims
a state of war in the 8 provinces that took up arms.
The provinces are Manila, Laguna, Cavite, Batangas,
Pampanga, Bulacan, Tarlac and Nueva Ecija.
 The Spaniards executed Jose Rizal
in Bagumbayan (today's Rizal
Park).
The Katipunan court finds the
Bonifacios guilty. They are
sentenced to death.
 The Malolos Congress or formally known as the
"National Assembly" of representatives was
the constituent assembly of the First Philippine
Republic. It met at the Barasoain Church in Malolos
City, Bulacan. It drafted the Malolos Constitution.
The Treaty of Paris of 1898, 30 sta.1754, was an agreement made in 1898 that
resulted in Spain surrendering control of Cuba and ceding Puerto Rico, parts of
the West Indies, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The cession of
the Philippines involved a payment of $20 million to Spain by the United
States. The treaty was signed on December 10, 1898, and ended the Spanish-
American War. It came into effect on April 11, 1899, when
the ratifications were exchanged.