PROGRESSIVE COLLAPSE ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE

Presented by Guided By
Miss.   Prof.
Exam No:
 CONTENTS

1) Introduction
2) Literature review
3) Aim-Objectives
4) Methodology
5) Problem Statement
6) References

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 INTRODUCTION
• A typical cable stayed bridge is a deck with one or two pylons erected above the piers in
the middle of the span. The cables are attached diagonally to the girder to provide
additional supports.
• Cable-stayed bridges may look similar to suspension bridges—both have roadways that
hang from cables and both have towers. But the two bridges support the load of the
roadway in very different ways.
• The difference lies in how the cables are connected to the towers. In suspension bridges,
the cables ride freely across the towers, transmitting the load to the anchorages at either
end.
• In cable-stayed bridges, the cables are attached to the towers, which alone bear the load.
• Cable-stayed bridges are structural systems which are effectively composed of cables,
main girders and towers. A bridge carries vertical loads mainly by the girder. The staying
cables provide intermediate supports for the girder so that it can cover a long distance.
The basic structural form of a cable-stayed bridge includes a series of overlapping
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triangles comprising the pylon (or the tower), the cables, and the girder.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
• Jian-guo This paper presents the four analytical procedures for progressive failure, i.e., linear static,
nonlinear static, linear dynamic, and nonlinear dynamic were firstly improved by taking into account the
initial state. Then a cable-stayed structure was studied using the four improved methods. Furthermore, the
losses of both one cable and two cables were discussed. The results show that for static and dynamic
analyses of the cable-stayed bridges, there is large difference between the results obtained from
simulations starting with either a deformed or a non-deformed configuration at the time of cable loss. The
static results are conservative in the vicinity of the ruptured cable, but the dynamic effect of the cable loss
in the area farther away from the loss-cable cannot be considered.
• Amir Fatollahzadeh et.al The critical cable of the bridge during different earthquakes can vary.
Determination of this cable is based on ALP (Alternate Load Path) method and comparison of maximum
force for adjacent cables. In all earthquakes, the critical cables are the middle ones which have the largest
axial force in service condition. Therefore it is essential to pay much more attention to these cables in
design procedure.
• UweStarossek Progressive collapse can be produced by various differing mechanisms. Based on a
discussion of these mechanisms, five distinct types of collapse have been identified. The terms suggested
for these five categories are pancake-type, zipper type, domino-type, section-type, and instability-type
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collapse.
• Yufen Zhou and Suren Chen This study includes ‘Numerical investigation of cable
breakage events on long-span cable- stayed bridges under stochastic traffic and wind.’
Cable breakage (loss) events can be disastrous to cable-stayed bridges because of potential
risks of progressive collapse following the initial failure of stay cables. To avoid turning a
cable-breakage hazard into a disaster, it is important to rationally assess the risk through
accurately predicting the nonlinear dynamic behavior of the bridge subjected to various
types of cable-loss events.
• Kaiming Bi et.al. . This paper is aimed at presenting a summary of the bridge before and
after the incident, the demolishing plans and field investigations after the accident. To
better understand the cause and mechanism of the progressive collapse, a numerical
simulation is carried out. The bridge components including the bridge slabs, wall-type
piers, longitudinal and transverse reinforcement bars are included in the model. The non-
linear material behaviour including the strain rate effects of the concrete and steel rebar are
considered.
 AIM-OBJECTIVES
 AIM
A comparative study of progressive collapse of cable stayed bridge using SAP2000 by
considering various cable arrangement system and pylon geometry.
 OBJECTIVE
1. To perform the progressive collapse analysis for the cable stayed bridge having different
cable arrangements and pylon geometry
2. To study the effect of blast loading on cable-stayed bridges and compare the absolute
displacements of girder and axial cable forces under progressive collapse mechanisms
3. To calculate the demand to capacity ratios for the cables to find out the structural stability
against the progressive collapse mechanism
4. To find out the most suitable cable arrangement and pylon geometry against the
progressive collapse

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 METHODOLOGY
STUDY OF CABLE STAYED BRIDGE

DATA COLLECTION

STUDY OF BLAST LOAD

STUDY OF PROGESSIVE COLLAPSE

SAP 2000 MODELLING

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

COCLUSION
 PROBLEM STATEMENT
GEOMETRY OF THE BRIDGE

Total length of bridge 240m

No. of spans 2
End Span(each) 120m
No. of Towers 1
Height Of Tower 40m(Below deck)
60m (above deck)
Tower Section 5m X 5m
No. Of Cables 40
Deck Width 26.5m (6 lane)
Depth of girder 3m

CONCRETE PROPERTIES STEEL PROPERTIES

Grade of the concrete M40 Ultimate Strength 1860 KN/m2

Modulus of Elasticity 2.0 x 108 N/mm2

Modulus of Elasticity 3.16 x 107 N/mm2

Possion’s ratio 0.3

Possion’s ratio 0.2

Weight density 24.99KN/m3 Weight density 76.98 KN/m3

 REFERENCES
1. Allan Larsen and Guy L. Larose (2015), “Dynamic wind effects on suspension and
cable-stayed bridges”,Elsevier Journals, Journal of Sound andVibration334.
2. Bo Sun, Paolo Gardoni and Rucheng Xiao (2016), “Probabilistic aerostability capacity
models and fragility estimates for cable-stayed bridge decks based on wind tunnel test
data”, Elsevier Journals, Engineering Structures 126106–120.
3. Cai J.G, Xu Y.X, ZhuangL.P,(2012) “Comparison of various procedures for progressive
collapse analysis of cable-stayed bridges”,Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A.
4. Cheng J. and Jiang J. (2003),“Aerostatic Stability of Long Span Cable-Stayed
Bridges:Parametric Study”, Tsingua Science and technology, ISSN 1007-0214, 16/21
pp201-205 Volume, Number2.
5. Das R., Pandey A.D.(2015), “Progrssive Collapse of a Cable-stayed Bridge”, 12th
international conference on vibration problems, Elsevier Journals,ICOVP.
6. FatollahzadehA. ,Naghipour M (2016), “Analysis of Progressive Collapse in Cable-
Stayed Bridges due to Cable Failure during Earthquake”, International Journal of
Bridge Engineering (IJBE), Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.63-72
7. General Service Administration, (2003), "Progressive Collapse Analysis and Design
Guidelines".
8. Hashemi S.K., Bradford M.A., Valipour H.R. (2016), “Dynamic response of cable-
stayed bridge under blast load”, Elsevier Journals , Engineering Structures 127, 719–
736.