STUDY THE FOLLOWING

• Generally, excessive use of gadgets has caused the

steady decline in the study habits of children and
teenagers.
• Call 911 right away when you observe signals of a
stroke.
• It is better to introduce higher math like Algebra in
grade 10 instead.
CLAIMS OF FACT,
VALUE, AND
POLICY
 WHAT IS A
CLAIM?
• In argumentation, a claim is an arguable
statement - an idea that a speaker or writer
asks an audience to accept.
• Claims backed by reasons that are supported
by evidence are called arguments.
• It is not an inference nor an opinion.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF A
GOOD CLAIM
• A claim should be argumentative and
debatable.
• A claim should be specific and focused.
• A claim should not be a question.
 3 KINDS OF
CLAIM
•Claim of Fact
•Claim of Value
•Claim of Policy
 CLAIM OF FACT
• An assertion of a condition that exists, will
exist, or has existed.

• Supported by verifiable facts or data such as

statistics or testimonies

• Must be specific as to time, place, people

involved, and situation
 CLAIM OF FACT
• To qualify claims of fact, the following
markers are used:
generally
usually
probably
as a rule
 EXAMPLES
• As a rule, drooping of the face, weakness of
the arm, and difficulty of speech signal a
stroke.

• Generally, excessive use of gadgets has

caused the steady decline in the study habits
of children and teenagers.
 CLAIM OF
POLICY
• An assertion that specific plans or courses
of action should be instituted as solutions to
problems

• Often procedural and/or organized

 CLAIM OF
POLICY
• The following markers are used to
formulate claims of policy:
should
ought to
must
or any other strong verbs
 EXAMPLES
For individuals showing signals of stroke:
• Call 911 right away when you observe
signals of a stroke.
• Bring the patient to the hospital right away
when you observe signals of a stroke.
 EXAMPLES
For excessive use of gadgets:

• Ban gadgets in school.

• Set schedule for gadget use.
• Do not allow children and teenagers to use
gadgets.
 CLAIM OF VALUE
• An attempt to prove whether something is
desirable or undesirable, good or bad, right
or wrong.

• Expresses approval or disapproval

 CLAIM OF VALUE
• The following markers are used to
formulate claims of value:
“it is better to…”
“it is unethical that…”
“it is wrong to…”
“it is more beautiful than…”
 SAMPLE
ARGUMENT
• The world has sped up over the past
generation; technology has gotten more
complicated and ideas more complex. Hence,
higher math like Algebra should be
introduced as early as grades 7 and 8.
However, children in grades 7 and 8 are
experiencing plateau growth. They are not in
their optimal years of learning, thus the
growing number of failing students.
 EXAMPLE

• It is better to introduce higher math like

Algebra in grade 10 instead.
 KNOWLEDGE TEST
• Identify the type of claim the
statement is making. Write fact,
policy, or value.
 KNOWLEDGE TEST
1. Excessive consumption of alcohol
can lead to many illnesses.
2. To attract more students, this
college must review and revise its
course offerings.
 KNOWLEDGE TEST
3. The existence of nuclear weapons
has prevented the outbreak of
WW 3.
4. Death penalty is unjust.
5. The congress should not pass the
SOGIE Bill.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
• Identify the type of claim the
statement is making in each item.
Write fact, policy, or value.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
• Identify the type of claim in each
item. Write fact, policy, or value.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
1. Converting to solar energy can
save homeowners money.
2. Gay marriage is immoral.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
3. It is not right to allow
transwomen to use the women’s
restroom.
4. It is better to cheat than to
repeat.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
5. Aliens exist in this planet.
6. The Lakers will win the
championship this year.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
7. Obesity causes health
problems.
8. Students should participate
in various school activities.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
9. The Boy Scouts should not
have to include gay scout
leaders.
10. The establishment should
provide more parking spaces.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
11. The government is
withholding information on
UFOs.
12. The government should
legalize medicinal
marijuana.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
13. The Hunger Games is the
best movie this year.
14. The United States is the
greatest nation on earth.
 PRACTICE
EXERCISE
15. You should send your
children to private schools.
 PAIR WORK
•Write three examples for each
type of claim on the issue of
social media and cyber
bullying.
 SAMPLE
• Claim of fact
Sometimes people use Facebook,
Twitter, and other social media to
bully one another.
 SAMPLE
• Claim of value
It is wrong to use social media to
bully people.
 SAMPLE
• Claim of policy
There should be criminal charges
brought against people who use
social media to bully others.