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EEMUA 159 to
API Standards
2
API Standard 653
Tank Inspection, Repair,
Alteration, and
Reconstruction
3
API Standard 653
This document addresses:
Tanks built to API 650 and its predecessor
API 12C.
Minimum requirements for maintaining the
integrity
This standard employs the principles of API
650
Owner/operators may apply this standard to
any tank constructed to a tank specification.
4
EEMUA 159
This Standard addresses:
Establishment of essential inspection requirements for tanks.
Minimize problems and extend useful life.
Gives guidance on design features, common problems
experienced during operation and on repair methods.
This addresses tanks built in accordance with British Standards
Where appropriate it refers to and makes use of international
standards and codes such as those from API.
This publication is intended as a general inspection, maintenance
and repair guide applicable tanks
5
Inspector Qualifications
API 653
◦ Authorized inspector
Must have experience and pass a written examination
Recertification is required every 6 years
◦ Owner/Operator Inspectors
Must have knowledge tanks and local operating
conditions
EEMUA 159
◦ No certification process for tank inspectors
◦ Inspectors should be experienced
6
Inspection Requirements
Routine External Inspections
API 653:
◦ Required to be conducted on a Monthly Basis
EEMUA 159:
◦ Required to be conducted on every 3 Months
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Inspection Requirements
API 653:
◦ Required to be conducted the lesser of 5 years
or the quarter corrosion rate life of the shell.
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Inspection Requirements
9
Table B.3-1
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Inspection Requirements
Formal Internal Inspections
API 653:
◦ Based on the bottom corrosion rate not to exceed 20 years
◦ Risk based inspection can be used – See API 580, “Risk-Based
Inspection”.
MRT is:
0.100 for with no RPB or thick film liner
0.050 when RPB or Thick film liner is present
MRT = (Minimum of RTbc or RTip) – Or (StPr + UPr)
where:
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Inspection Requirements
Formal Internal Inspections
EEMUA 159:
◦ Based on Table B.3 Ranges from 3 years to 20 year
intervals. Factors include climate and type of product.
◦ 8 years – crude oil
◦ 16 years finished products with internal liner
◦ 10 years finished products with no liner
◦ Allows for use of probabilistic preventive maintenance
– detailed explanation and guidelines are given.
◦ MRT at next inspection 2.5 mm or 1.5 mm
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Inspection Requirements
Formal
Internal
Inspections
EEMUA 159:
13
Bottom Extension
API 653 requires a minimum thickness of
0.100 inches at 3/8 inch from the shell-to-
bottom weld.
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Inspection Requirements
Inspections
Checklists
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Foundation Settlement
Differential Settlement
◦ API 653 requires a total of D/10 survey
locations with a minimum of 8. Tolerances
are given as
( L2 xYx11)
S
2( ExH )
Where:
S = maximum permissible deflection inft
L = arc length between measurements points
in ft
YS = yield strength in lbf/in2
E = Young’s modulus in lbf/in2
H = tank height in ft
16
Foundation Settlement
Differential Settlement
◦ EEMUA requires a total of D/10 survey
locations with a minimum of 8 with the
distance not exceeding 10 m.
◦ Tolerances are given as:
100 mm (3.94 inches) between any two
points at 10 m intervals
◦ Alternatively
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Foundation Settlement
Differential Settlement
◦ Fixed roof tanks without an internal floating
cover
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Foundation Settlement
Differential Settlement
◦ Floating roof tanks and large fixed roof tanks
equipped with internal floating covers of diameters
exceeding 40 m
(11000 xYSxL2 )
S
2( ExH )
Where:
S = maximum permissible deflection in mm
L = arc length between measurements points
in meters
YS = yield strength in MPa
E = Young’s modulus in MPa
H = tank height in meters
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Foundation Settlement
Planar Settlement
◦ API 653 does not address planar tilt
tolerance
◦ EEMUA 159 permits a maximum out-of-
verticality should not exceed h/100
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Settlement
API 653 Edge Settlement
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Settlement
EEMUA 159 Edge Settlement
◦ Maximum permissible edge settlement to
125 mm (4.92 in)over 750 mm (29.5 in)
◦ If it is exceeded then the tank should be re-
leveled
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Settlement
API 653 Bottom
Depressions
◦ Maximum permissible
bottom settlement or
Bulges is given by:
BB = 0.37R
Where:
BB = maximum height of bulge or
depth of local depression, in
R = radius of inscribed circle in bulged
area or local depression, in ft
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Settlement
EEMUA 159 Bottom Depressions
◦ Depressions are acceptable provided
The aspect ratio of height to width of the ripple is
not greater than 75:500 (mm:mm) i.e. 0.15 –
(3”:20”)
They do not form a severe crease over any of
their length
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Settlement
Center-to-Edge Settlement (Sagging)
API 653 – Does not directly address the overall
center-to-edge settlement
EEMUA 159 – The maximum settlement is
given as
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Shell Thickness 2.6( H 1) DG
t min
API SE
653
26
Shell Thickness
EEMUA 159
The procedure for evaluation of tmin is
essentially the same as API 653.
D
t min (98W ( H 0.3) P)
20SE
EEMUA adds a term for internal
pressure which is not considered in API
653.
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Shell Thickness
◦ API 653 allows for the authorized inspector
to determine the number and location of UT
measurements during an inspection
◦ EEMUA 159 requires a grid system for
obtaining UT measurements
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Roof Thickness
API 653
◦ Min of 0.090 in. in any 100 in2 area
◦ Structure corrosion is to be evaluated
EEMUA 159
◦ Min of 2 mm in a 500 mm by 500 mm area
(0.079 in. in 387.5 in2 area)
◦ Structure corrosion is limited to 25% before
replacement is required.
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Brittle Fracture
API 653
Assessment per
Section 5 of API 653
EEMUA 159
No specific guidance
for brittle fracture
considerations
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Repairs
API 653
Comprehensive repair section for the tank shell
and bottom including nondestructive
examination
31
Repairs
EEMUA 159
◦ The document provides minimal guidance to
the user.
◦ The document refers the user to international
standards
◦ Appendix C has some examples for welding
sequence and tank jacking
32
Hydrostatic Testing
API 653
◦ Comprehensive section detailing when a
hydrostatic test is required
◦ Provides calculation for maximum fill
level
◦ Provides rules for foundation settlement
surveys when settlement is anticipated.
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Hydrostatic Testing
EEMUA 159
◦ Provides a detailed filling sequence
◦ Water quality requirements
◦ Provides a reprint from API 653 as well
as discusses the BS 2654 requirements
◦ Discusses survey requirements
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Filling Sequence
35
EEMUA 159
Hydrostatic Test
Flow Chart
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Additional Requirements
EEMUA 159
Details not in API 653:
Tank painting
Cathodic protection
Corrosion mechanisms
Product characteristics
Risk based inspection
Tank jacking
Detailed foundation design
Tank relocation
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Other information
◦ Much of the information presented in EEMUA 159 is
present in other API standards:
Tank painting - API 652
Cathodic protection - API 651
Corrosion mechanisms - API 570
Product characteristics - API 570
Risk based inspection - API 580
Tank jacking - API SCAST
studying this issue for inclusion in API 653
Foundation design - API 650 (Appendix B)
Tank relocation - API 653 (reconstruction)
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Collaboration
No official collaboration between the two
standards is underway
TheChairman of the EEMUA 159
committee has attended API SCAST
meetings
Some members of the SCAST committee
have attended EEMUA 159 meetings
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Conclusions
◦ API 653 and EEMUA 159 are both good
documents
◦ API 653 provides a procedure to demonstrate
that the tank inspector posses a minimum body
of knowledge and experience
◦ In general, API 653 is more conservative than
EEMUA 159
◦ EEMUA 159 contains information which fills in
topics not covered in API 653
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Thank you