DAY 13 -Describing the

Politics and Economy of

Colonial Philippines
Learning Objectives:
1. Retell the political and economic policies of the
colonial Philippines that brought positive and negative
impact on the Philippine society.
2. Freely articulate my ideas about these policies
CONCEPT NOTES
• Political Factors, or government policies and administrative
practices, can have a great impact on economic development, which
is the movement from farming-based cultures to industrialized or
capitalist societies. In general, economic development increases the
standard of living in a country with the help of political factors.
• Basically, socio-cultural factors are customs, lifestyles and values
that characterize a society. More specifically, cultural aspects include
aesthetics, education, language, law and politics, religion, social
organizations, technology and material culture, values and attitudes.
 ENCOMIENDA GRANTING
THE CONCEPT OF FREE EDUCATION SUFFRAGE
HYGIENE AND SYSTEM
TO
SANITATION CHRISTIANITY BANDALA WOMEN
POLO Y’ SERVICIO RICE PRODUCTION FIESTA
GOLDEN AGE OF
DECLINED
KANGKONG LITERATURE CARS AND
PAYNE-ALDRICH ACT CHRISTMAS MOTORCYCLE
PARITY RIGHTS
MICKEY MOUSE CELEBRATION CONCEPT OF
MANILA-ACAPULCO PRODUCTION WAS LABOR /
MONEY
TRADE LIMITED,ECONOMIC HARDWORK
Efficient CIVIL SERVICE COMFORT WOMEN ACTIVITIES LESSENED
CHURCHES
EXAM UNICAMERAL
INTRODUCTION OF SCARCITY OF FOOD LEGISLATURE PUPPET
RAILWAYS SYSTEM GOVERNMENT
ADOPTION OF
HUKBALAHAP
GREGORIAN CALENDAR FREE TRADE
STRENGTHENING OF
THE USAGE OF ZARZUELA AND HIGHLY CENTRALIZED BICAMERAL
FILIPINO LANGUAGE MORO-MORO GOVERNMENT LEGISLATURE
 SPANISH PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES
*POLO Y’ SERVICIO • UNICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
*MANILA-ACAPULCO TRADE • ADOPTION OF GREGORIAN
*INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS CALENDAR
SYSTEM • HIGHLY CENTRALIZED
*ZARZUELA AND MORO-MORO GOVERNMENT
*ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM • FIESTA
*BANDALA • CHURCHES
*CHRISTMAS CELEBRATION • CHRISTIANITY
 AMERICAN PERIOD IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• THE CONCEPT OF HYGIENE AND SANITATION
• PARITY RIGHTS
• FREE EDUCATION
• GRANTING SUFFRAGE TO WOMEN
• EFFICIENT CIVIL SERVICE EXAM
• PAYNE-ALDRICH ACT
• CARS AND MOTORCYCLES
• FREE TRADE
• BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE
JAPANESE PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES
• COMFORT WOMEN
• RICE PRODUCTION DECLINED
• SCARCITY OF FOOD
• HUKBALAHAP
• GOLDEN AGE OF LITERATURE
• CONCEPT OF LABOR / HARDWORKING
• STRENGTHENING OF THE USAGE OF FILIPINO LANGUAGE
• PRODUCTION WAS LIMITED,ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES LESSENED
• MICKEY MOUSE MONEY
• KANG KONG
• PUPPET GOVERNMENT
 *
SPANISH PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL
*HIGHLY CENTRALIZED *POLO Y’ SERVICIO *ZARZUELA AND
GOVERNMENT *MANILA-ACAPULCO MORO- MORO
TRADE *ADOPTION OF
*UNICAMERAL *INTRODUCTION TO GREGORIAN
LEGISLATURE RAILWAYS SYSTEM CALENDAR
*ENCOMIENDA *CHRISTMAS
SYSTEM CELEBRATION
*BANDALA *FIESTA
*CHURCHES
*CHRISTIANITY
 AMERICAN PERIOD IN THE
PHILIPPINES
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL

*GRANTING SUFFRAGE *PARITY RIGHTS *FREE EDUCATION

TO WOMEN *PAYNE-ALDRICH ACT *EFFICIENT CIVIL
*FREE TRADE SERVICE EXAM
*BICAMERAL *CARS AND *THE CONCEPT OF
LEGISLATURE MOTORCYCLES(TRANS HYGIENE AND
PORTATION) SANITATION
JAPANESE PERIOD IN THE PHILIPPINES
POLITICAL ECONOMIC SOCIO-CULTURAL
*RICE PRODUCTION *GOLDEN AGE OF
DECLINED LITERATURE
*SCARCITY OF FOOD *CONCEPT OF
*HUKBALAHAP
*PRODUCTION WAS HARDWORK
LIMITED,ECONOMIC
*PUPPET *STRENGTHENING OF
ACTIVITIES LESSENED
GOVERNMENT THE USAGE OF
*MICKEY MOUSE
MONEY FILIPINO LANGUAGE
*KANGKONG *COMFORT WOMEN
*CONCEPT OF LABOR *
 Political Effects in the Spanish Period in the
Philippines

• Loss of freedom on the part of the Philippines

• Establishment of a highly centralized government
*Consejo de las Indias- on the national level
*Alcalde mayor- on the provincial level
*Gobernadorcillo- on the municipal level
• High influence of the Catholic church on the state
Economic Effects in the Spanish Period in the
Philippines
• Imposition of the tribute, bandala and cedula personal
• Requirement of polo y servicios
• Establishment of government monopolies
• Limited agricultural and commercial development
• Improvements in public utilities and communications
Socio-cultural Effects in the Spanish Period in the Philippines

1. The adoption of Spanish surnames and first names

2. The change in the manner of Filipino dressing
3. The emergence of the mestizo class due to intermarriage
and sexual liason between Filipinos and Spaniards
4. The influence of the Spanish language
5. The adoption of the Gregorian calendar and the western
method of keeping time and counting time.
 Socio-cultural Effects in the Spanish Period
in the Philippines
6.The introduction of Spanish dishes like arroz valenciana,
afritada, estofado, menudo and mechado.
7.The introduction of Spanish music and dances
8. The patronal fiestas and Christmas celebrations
9. The over- all cultural alienation of the Filipinos brought
about by colonial mentality
Political factors/influences/effects in the
American Period in the Philippines
• The Filipino women achieved political suffrage in 1937.
• Philippine Legislature (It was created due to the Jones Law)
• Commonwealth Government (It was created due to the
Tyding- Mcduffie Law)
Economic factors/influences/effects in the
American Period in the Philippines
• ECONOMY
• The establishment of free trade in the first decades of
American rule led to increase in foreign and domestic trade.
• The Payne-Aldrich Act in 1909 provided the entry of
Philippine exports, except rice, to American markets free of
duty under certain quota limitations.
• In 1913, the Underwood-Simmons Act abolished quota
limitations on Philippine crops such as sugar and tobacco.
Economic factors/influences/effects in the
American Period in the Philippines

TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATION

• More telephones, telegraph lines and radios
linked towns and cities.
• Cars, motor vehicles were introduced.
 Socio-cultural Effects in the American Period in the Philippines

EDUCATION
• The establishment of a secularized and free public school system.
• The American system stressed democratic traditions and the practical
applications of laws.
• The Americans emphasized citizenship training and the doctrine of
character building. Extra-curricular activities such as athletics were
encouraged.
• The use of English as a medium of instruction
PUBLIC HEALTH AND WELFARE
• They established hospitals, leprosaria, and dispensaries
• The Americans introduced public health and welfare program.
Political Effects/Factors/Influences/Events in
the Japanese Period in the Philippines
• “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”.
• Allowed the establishment of Philippine Republic on Oct. 14,
1943.
• Luis Taruc founded the HUKBALAHAP
• Jose P. Laurel became the president of the 2nd Republic. He is
considered as the puppet president of the Philippines during
the Japanese Period
 Economic factors/influences/effects/events in the Period in the Philippines

• Occupation led to economic hardships

• Scarcity of food
• Production was limited, economic activities lessened
• Rice production declined – distribution was controlled by a system of
coupons and rationing
• Introduction of Mickey Mouse Money
• Many landlords left their haciendas because they felt threatened by
the peasants.
• Kangkong served as the common food of Filipinos to fight hunger
during
the Japanese rule in the Philippines.
Socio-cultural factors/influences/effects/events
in the Period in the Philippines
• Japanese occupation led to social and moral breakdown.
• Filipino soldiers died in prison because of malnutrition and
disease, and they were denied of medicines by Filipino Army
doctors.
• Due to difficulties, crimes multiplied – people committed holdups
in order to survive.
• Filipinos became vindictive – they committed atrocities against
the Japanese and their collaborators.
• Some Filipino women were made sex slaves (comfort women) by
the Japanese army.