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Abnormal Behavior in
Historical Context
Myths and Misconceptions About Abnormal Behavior
• Psychological Dysfunction
– Breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral
functioning
• Personal Distress
– Difficulty performing appropriate and expected
roles
– Impairment is set in the context of a person’s
background
• Atypical or Not Culturally Expected Response
– Reaction is outside cultural norms
Definition of Abnormal Behavior (cont.)
Figure 1.1
The criteria defining a psychological disorder
Abnormal Behavior Defined
• “Doctors of Psychology”
– Consumers of Research
– Teachers/Faculty
– Consumer of research
– Teachers/Faculty
Dimensions of the Scientist-Practitioner Model (cont.)
Figure 1.2
Functioning as a scientist-practitioner
Dimensions of the Scientist-Practitioner Model (cont.)
Figure 1.3
Three major categories make up the study and discussion of psychological disorders.
Clinical Description
• Galenic-Hippocratic Tradition
– Foreshadowed modern views linking abnormality with brain
chemical imbalances
The 19th Century
– Bolstered the view that mental illness = physical illness and should
be treated as such
• John Grey and the Reformers
Consequences of the Biological Tradition
Figure 1.4
Freud’s structure of the mind
Later Developments in Psychoanalytic Thought
• Humanistic Therapy
– Therapist conveys empathy and unconditional positive regard
• Aaron (Tim) Beck MD – Cognitive Therapy (1960 & 70); David Burns,
MD - Cognitive distortions