FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

Vitamins A,D,E,K

 Functions
‡ Effects of deficiency
‡ Sources
‡ Properties
‡ RDA
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 VITAMINS
‡ ´VITAMINµ means ´vital for lifeµ
* Nutrients required
in very small amounts
- mg or µ g

‡ VITAMINS are *Micronutrients

which are necessary for everyday healthy
functioning of the body

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 VITAMINS -
Two main categories
Water soluble Fat Soluble

A
B D
C E
K
 [ater soluble Fat Soluble

‡ Cannot be stored in body ‡ Can be stored in body -

- regular supply needed regular supply not needed

‡ Excess is excreted in ‡ Can accumulate to toxic

urine - no danger of toxic levels if large amounts
levels ingested

‡ Unstable to heat and ‡ Fairly stable at normal

light, leach into cooking cooking temperatures
liquids
Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-Carotene

Retinol Beta-Carotene
Named because of its Present with chlorophyll in
concern with retina of plants, converted to
eye Vitamin A in gut wall
Only found in animal
foods
Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-Carotene
Functions
‡ Regulates growth
‡ Promotes healthy skin
‡ Maintenance of healthy
epithelial tissues
The moisturising
vitamin!
‡ Necessary for production
of Rhodopsin - pigment in
retina, helps eye adapt to
dim light
Effects of deficiency
‡ Retarded growth, malformed
bones
‡ Dry mucous membranes
‡ Xeropthalmia - dry eye
membrane
‡ Night blindness
‡ Susceptibility to infection
 Go for Color!
‡ Oitamin A is what your body needs
It gives you healthy bones and good strong teeth
Beautiful hair that shines bright in the daylight
Healthy eyes so you can see at night............
‡ ©1999 Dole Food Company, Inc

Now carotenes are real big news

They give fruits and veggies colorful hues
Eat yellow, orange, red and deep green
'Cause they're rich and loaded if you know what I mean
 Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-Carotene
Carotene
Go for Color!
Think
Sources Yellow, Orange,
Retinol - Cod liver oil, Red, Deep Green
Liver, Dairy
products, Herrings, Now carotenes are real big news
Egg yolk They give fruits and veggies colourful hues.....
Beta-Carotene
Dark green leafy
vegetables, Broccoli,
Carrots, Deep orange
fruits and vegetables
 Vitamin A - Retinol and Beta-Carotene

Properties RDA
‡ Yellow fat soluble 600 g per
alcohol day
‡ Insoluble in water 90% of
Vitamin A in
‡ Can be destroyed by the body is
oxygen, light and air stored in the
‡ Some reduction in liver
dehydration
‡ Powerful antioxidant
 Vitamin D - Calciferols
Cholecalciferol
Ergocalciferol

The sunshine
Vitamin! Formed by action of ultra violet
light on fungi and yeasts
The sun activates Provitamin
7 dehydro cholesterol
present in fat under skin
Manufactured synthetically for
use as vitamin supplement

Provitamin 7 dehydro cholesterol

Cholecalciferol
 Vitamin D -Calciferols
Functions Effects of deficiency
‡ Absorption and laying ‡ *Rickets in children and
down of calcium and *osteomalacia in adults
phosphorous in bones * Conditions where bones
are soft and cannot weight
and teeth of body
‡ Regulates calcium
balance between bones
and blood ‡ **Osteoporosis
**Bones become light, less
‡ Prevents rickets dense and prone to
fractures

‡ Dental caries
 Vitamin D -Calciferols

Sources
Sunlight conversion
Fish liver oils
Dairy products
Oily fish
Margarine
 Vitamin D -Calciferols
Probably
the most RDA
Properties stable of 7 -10 g per
‡ Fat soluble the vitamins day
‡ Insoluble in water
‡ Stable to heat, acids,
alkalis, oxygen
‡ Unaffected by cooking
or preservation
 Vitamin E -Tocopherols
Anti coagulants
and anti oxidants
Functions Effects of deficiency
‡ Powerful antioxidant ‡ Deficiency is rare
‡ May reduce risk of ‡ Linked to conditions
heart disease, stroke, associated to
cancer malabsorption of fat
‡ Improves absorption ‡ Nerve damage, loss of
of vitamin A balance, lowered immune
system
 Vitamin E -Tocopherols

Sources
Wheatgerm
Oatmeal
Oils and animal fats
Leafy greens
Eggs
 Vitamin E -Tocopherols
Properties
RDA

‡ Fat soluble Based on

polyunsaturated
‡ Insoluble in water
fatty acid
‡ Stable to heat, unaffected intake
by cooking or preservation
‡ Acts as antioxidant, delays
rancidity and oxidation
‡ Damaged by alkalis and UV
light
 Sometimes called
´Coagulationµ vitamin

Vitamin K - Napthoquinones

Functions Effects of deficiency

‡ Constituent of ‡ Abnormal clotting,

prothrombin which is bleeding and
necessary in blood haemorrhaging
clotting ‡ Deficiency is rare
 Vitamin K - Napthoquinones

Sources

Dark green vegetables

Liver
Lean meat
Eggs
Manufactured by
bacteria in intestine
 Vitamin K - Napthoquinones

RDA
Properties No established
recommendation
‡ Fat soluble
‡ Insoluble in water
‡ Stable to heat,
unaffected by cooking
‡ Destroyed by light,
strong acids, alkalis
Îypervitaminosis - Excess vitamins A and D

‡ Îypervitaminosis A - Excess Vitamin A is

stored in the liver. In extreme cases can
cause dry skin, enlarged liver, fatigue, hair
loss, headaches, appetite loss, vomiting, risk
of birth defects and miscarriage.
‡ Îypervitaminosis D - More common in young
children than adults. Results in high
concentration of calcium in blood. Symptoms
- nausea, mental confusion, vomiting and
thirst.
 Hand in Hand - Îow vitamins help each other

‡ Vitamin E keeps Vitamin A from being destroyed in

the intestines

‡ Vitamin D enables the body to absorb calcium and

phosphorous

‡ Vitamin C helps folate build proteins

‡ Vitamin B1 works in digestive system with niacin,

pantothenic acid acid and magnesium