PHILOS 001

Logic
(Critical Thinking)
 PHILOSOPHY
“greek terms “philos” meaning
“love” and “sophia” meaning
“wisdom or “knowledge”.

Ordinarily and etymologically

construed as the love for wisdom
and knowledge.
(Pythagoras)
Thinking which aims at
maximum connected truth
about all available
experience.(Aristotle)

The science of the ultimate

causes of things.(medieval-
scholastics)
The study of the nature of
being and thinking, and more
specifically, of the human
experience. It is the science of
all things.
The search for meaning…
 Fields of Philosophy

Classification:

1.Practical
2.Speculative
 1.Practical Philosophy
•Logic- the science of art and
correct thinking.
•Ethics- the study of standards of
right and wrong.
•Axiology-the study of the nature,
types, criteria, and status of
human values
2. Speculative Philosophy

•Epistemology
•Metaphysics
•Aesthetics
•Cosmology
•Rational Psychology
•Social Philosophy
•Philosophy of Man
•Theodicy
•Political Philosophy
 The Purpose of Philosophy
•Understand Oneself
•Discover one’s inner self
•Recognize one’s otherness
•Accept oneself as part of nature of the
world
•Understand the eschatology of human
life
•Believe in the INFINITE WISDOM
What is
logic?
Logic: A Philosophical Tool

comes from the Greek word

“logos” which means study,
reason, or discourse, or “logia”,
argument, or “loglike”, act of
reasoning.
Logic: A Philosophical Tool

understood as the
science and art of
correct thinking. (Cruz
1995).
As a science it implies that:

•It is a body of systematize

knowledge.
•It investigates, discourses,
expresses, systematizes, and
demonstrates the laws of correct
thinking. (Gualdo,2000)
As correct thinking, correctness
implies:

•Right order
•Reasonable procedure
•Valid inference
•Consistency
•Necessary relationships
 Importance of Logic
1. Contributes to the quality of
human life to improve human
civilization.
2. The art and science of creative
thinking is helpful in the practice of
any profession and in analyzing or
making decisions in one’s daily life.
3. Logic builds confidence in
oneself, and provides man a
sense of direction, order,
validity, truth, and accuracy.

4.Knowledge of logic helps in

preventing the commission of
errors.
5. It also helps us avoiding
making conclusions, based on
false and biased assumptions.

6. Knowledge of logic is best

tested in argumentation and
debate.