Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
BFC32403

CHAPTER 4
DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE AND
SCHEDULED WASTE
 Topics on Domestic Solid Waste and
Scheduled Waste
(6 hours lecture)
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Properties of solid waste
4.3 Solid waste generation rates
4.4 Collection
4.5 Integrated solid waste management
4.6 Solid waste disposal-landfill
4.7 Landfilling methods (containment types)
4.8 Closed landfill
4.9 Schedule waste
 4.1 Introduction
Solid waste in Malaysia
60% of waste generated arises from
urban sector consisting mainly of
sewage, domestic and agricultural solid
waste

Malaysia
20 % from agro-industrial

20% from the industrial sector and

construction
4.2 Properties of solid waste

Physical Chemical
Properties Properties
a) Specific Weight a) Proximate analysis
b) Moisture Content b) Ultimate analysis
c) Energy content
4.2 Properties of solid waste
4.2.1 Physical Properties - SPECIFIC WEIGHT

Measurement in kg/m3 or lb/yd3

- 220 lb/yd3 for residential

- 270 lb/yd3 for commercial
- 500 lb/yd3 in the compactor truck
- 760 lb/yd3 in the landfill
4.2 Properties of solid waste
4.2.1 Physical Properties – MOISTURE CONTENT

Example
Component Percent by mass
Estimate the moisture content of Food waste 15
100kg solid waste sample with
Cardboard 10
the following composition:
Plastics 10
Garden trimmings 10
Wood 5
Tin cans 5
Paper 45
4.2 Properties of solid waste
4.2.1 Physical Properties – MOISTURE CONTENT

Solution:
Component Percent by mass Moisture content (%) Dry mass, kg (based on 100kg)
Food waste 15 70 4.5 [0.15 x (100-70)]
Paper 45 6 42.3 [0.55 x (100-6)]
Cardboard 10 5 9.5
Plastics 10 2 9.8
Garden trimmings 10 60 4.0
Wood 5 20 4.0
Tin cans 5 3 4.9
 TOTAL 79.0
Refer Table 5.1
Moisture content = (100-79.0)100 = 21.0%
100
 4.3 Solid waste generation rates

 Generation rates for MSW are usually estimated by the amount of

waste generated per person per day.

 The generation rate depends on the standard of living and culture of

the people living in a particular city or country. As example;

o Denmark : 1kg/cap/day
o Malaysia : 0.45 - 1.44 kg/cap/day).
o Kuala Lumpur : 1.5kg/cap/day

 In higher income countries the current generation rate is about 1

tonne / per household per year.
 4.3 Solid waste generation rates
4.3.1 Factors that affect waste generation and collection rates

 Source reduction and recycling activities

 Public attitudes and legislation
 Geographic, cultural and physical factors
 4.3 Solid waste generation rates
4.3.1 Factors that affect waste generation and collection rates
Example

A town of 2,000 homes in Johor Bahru generates 0.95 kg/person.d of municipal solid
waste. Another town of the same size in Kuala Lumpur generates 1.9kg/person.day?
Assume: 1 home have 10 residents

i) How much MSW is generated in each ii) How much MSW is generated in each
town per day? town per week?

Johor Bahru Johor Bahru

= 2,000 x 10 person x 0.95 kg/person.d = 2,000 x 10 person x 0.95 kg/person.d
= 19,000 kg/day = 19,000 kg/day x 7d/week
  = 133,000 kg/week
Kuala Lumpur
= 2,000 x 10 person x 1.9 kg/person.d Kuala Lumpur
= 38,000 kg/day = 2,000 x 10 person x 1.9 kg/person.d
= 38,000 kg/day x 7d/week
= 266,000 kg/week
 4.3 Solid waste generation rates
4.3.2 Separation of solid waste
 Separation can be done in the household / industry or at the transfer station or final
destination where mechanical separation / sorting are possible.
 Source separation able to
o eliminates the need for expensive and difficult manual and / or mechanical
sorting.
o provides the cleanest; most well defined fractions of waste suitable for
subsequent recycling or reuse.
 Source separation is best for;
o Food waste
o Paper and cardboard
o Plastics
o Ferrous metals and non ferrous metals
o Glass
 The following infrastructure is needed to function source separation;
o Community drop-off centers for glass and non- ferrous metals
o Public drop-off centers where bulky, yard and household hazardous waste may be
dropped off.
o Environmental advertising program to educate the public on source separation.
4.4 Collection of solid waste

Hauled Container System (HCS)

Advantages: Hoist Truck
 Suited for removal of waste from
sources where the rate of generation is
high.
 Use large container - reduces handling
time.
 Flexibility - containers of many different
sizes and shapes are available for the
collection of all types of waste.
 Require only one truck and driver to Tilt-frame container
accomplish the collection cycle
4.4 Collection of solid waste

Hauled container system (HCS) – conventional

4.4 Collection of solid waste

Hauled container system (HCS)-exchange container mode

4.4 Collection of solid waste
Stationary Container Systems (SCS)
 Systems in which mechanically/ manually loaded collection vehicles are used.
 4.4 Collection of solid waste
4.4.1 Collection routes

 Routes must be laid so

that
o both the collectors
and equipment are
used effectively.
o last container to be
collected on the
route is located
nearest to the
disposal site.
 The layout of collection

routes involves a series

trial
4.4 Collection of solid waste
4.4.1 Collection routes
 No universal set of rules that can be applied to all situations. However, the basic idea are as
follow:
o In hilly areas, routes should start at the top of the grade and proceed downhill as the
vehicle becomes loaded.
o Wastes generated at traffic-congested locations should be collected as early in the day
as possible

 4 general steps involved in establishing collection routes include:-

i. Preparation of location maps showing pertinent data and information concerning the
waste generation sources.
ii. Data analysis and, as required, preparation of information summary tables.
iii. Preliminary layout of routes.
iv. Evaluation of the preliminary routes and the development of balanced routes by
successive trials.
 
4.4 Collection of solid waste
4.4.1 Collection routes

Example
Assume the following data is applicable.
Occupants per house= 5
Solid waste generation rate = 1.5 kg/person.d
Compacted density of solid waste in collection vehicle= 325kg/m3
Collection vehicle capacity = 20m3/trip
1. Determination of solid waste generation in a week.
2. Determination of the compacted volume of solid waste to be collected per week.
3. Determination of the number of trips per week.
4. Determination of the average number of residences from which wastes are to be
collected each day.
 4.4 Collection of solid waste
4.4.1 Collection routes
Solution

1. Determination of solid waste generation in a week

 
= 664 residences x 5 persons/residence x 1.5kg/person.d x 7d/week
=34,860 kg/week
 
2. Determination of the compacted volume of solid waste to be collected per week.
 
= 664 residences x 5 persons/residence x 1.5kg/person.d x 7d/week
325 kg/m3
= 108 m3/week
 
3. Determination of the number of trips per week
 
Trip/week = 108 m3/week = 5.4  6
20 m /trip
3

4. Determination of the average number of residence from which wastes are to be collected each day.
 
Residences/trip = 664/6 = 110.67 ~ 111
 
4.5 Integrated solid waste
management

reducing the amount and toxicity of the waste that

are now generated
is the process of converting waste materials into
reusable objects to prevent waste of potentially
useful materials
Prepare the material for subsequent uses
4.5 Integrated solid waste management
4.5.1 Reduction

 Purchase environmentally preferred products.

 Purchase products with less packaging.
 Purchase concentrated products.
 Purchase products in bulk or larger sizes.
 Buy multiple use products.
 Do not replace for style.
 Purchase more durable products.
 Maintain properly and repair instead of replace.
 Purchase reusable products and then reuse or donate to charity.
 Purchase more efficient products, or use products more efficiently
4.5 Integrated solid waste management
4.5.2 Recycled

 will reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials,

energy usage, air pollution (from incineration) and water
pollution (from landfilling)

 will decrease the need for conventional waste disposal

in the landfill as well as less incineration thus lowering
greenhouse gas emissions

 recycling activities creates jobs and business

opportunities and at the same time preserving the
environment
4.5 Integrated solid waste management
4.5.3 Recovery

Example
 Sewage sludge for VFA production
 Sewage sludge for methane
 Organic waste/food waste for compost
 4.6 Solid waste disposal :
Landfill

In broad term, operations and processes in an engineered landfill are;

 Landfill design;- foundation design, liner design, leachate and gas
collection,
 Drainage design, filling design, runoff collection, closure design
 Landfill operation;- waste inventory, load, type, cell layout, cell for
hazardous waste,
 Biochemical reaction in landfill;- biological decay rates, slowly
biodegradable, rapidly biodegradable, non biodegradable
 Leachate management;- collection, treatment, monitoring, reuse.
 Landfill gas management;- Monitoring, collection, flaring or using,
quantity and quality
 Environmental monitoring;- air quality, odour, CH4, H2S, VOCs,
groundwater quality monitoring, pets and litter, traffic
 4.6 Solid waste disposal :
Landfill

 All landfill should be

containment type DUMP SITE
 Attenuate and disperse site
or dump site are no longer
acceptable due to the
environmental pollution
4.6 Solid waste disposal :
Landfill
4.7 Landfilling Methods
(Containment Type)

i. Excavated trench / cell

ii. Area method
iii. Canyon / depression method
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.1 Excavated trench / cell

 Ideal for area with

adequate depth of cover.
 Water table is low.
 Trench is excavated in
the ground.
 Liner put before waste
are deposited.
 Excavated earth use
back as cover at the end
of each operation
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.1 Excavated trench / cell

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.2 Area method

 Terrain not suitable for excavation.

 High groundwater level.
 Liners are place on original ground.
 Cover material hauled from location nearby.
 Compost can be used as alternative.
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.2 Area method

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.3 Canyon/depression method

 Techniques vary with canyon geometry.

 Control of surface water drainage is critical.
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.3 Canyon/depression method

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.3 Canyon/depression method

Example of operating canyon type landfill

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

Cross section of landfill

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

 Primary purpose is to minimize leakage of landfill leachate

and gas into subsurface
 Allow collection of leachate for treatment and disposal
 Most commonly used materials for liner include one or all of
the
 following:
 Geomembrane (Hydraulic barrier)
 Geosynthetic Clay Liner (GCL) (Hydraulic Barrier)
 Compacted Clay (Hydraulic Barrier)
 Geotextile (for cushion or separation)
 Typical slope of base liner is 2% to 10%
 Typical slope of side wall liner ranges from 20% to 40%
 4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

Development and completion of a solid waste landfill

Excavation and installation

of landfill liner
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

Development and completion of a solid waste landfill

Construction
of Leachate
Collection and
Gas Escape
Pipes
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

Depositing of solid waste

 Solid waste brought to landfill sites in truckloads

 Trucks unload the solid waste onto the landfill operating cell
 Dump and spread out by spreader and dozer and compacted
 At the end of the day the compacted solid waste is covered by
cover material up to 20-30 cm thick to prevent rats and other
scavenging animals
 Rainfall will seep through the compacted solid waste and form
leachate
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

Depositing of solid waste

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.4 Liner

Spreading, Compacting and Covering

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

 Leachate is contaminated water in landfill which is drawn

out via pumping system from inside the landfill to be treated
at an adjacent water treatment plant.

 Typical leachate chemical composition are [all in mg/l

(ppm)]

 TSS: 500-2,500,
 VSS: 3,000-8,000,
 COD: 5,000 - 30,000,
 BOD 4,000-20,000.
 4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

Leachate recycling

 During early stages

leachate contain high
concentration of TDS,
BOD5, COD, nutrients
and heavy metals

 When leachate re-

circulated the constituent
are attenuated by
biological, chemical and
physical activities
reactions occurring within
the landfill
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

Leachate evaporation
The most simple treatment is evaporation in lined leachate
storage facility

Leachate treatment
 The treatment process selected will depend on the contaminants
to be removed
 Selection of treatment facilities will depend primarily on
characteristics of contaminants which include TDS, COD, SO 42-,
heavy metals and other non-specific toxic constituents
 Treatment Facilities
 Integrated leachate management system
 Discharge to wastewater treatment plant
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

EXAMPLE OF INTEGRATED LEACHATE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

BUKIT TAGAR SANITARY LANDFILL (BTSL )

BTSL has a complete environment

protection system based on
implementation of the following
system components:
 Surface water
management plan
 Leachate management
plan
 Environmental monitoring
 Early warning and
emergency containment
system
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

BUKIT TAGAR SANITARY LANDFILL (BTSL )

 4 sequential batch reactor

(SBR) lagoons,
 24 aerators,
 chemical storage and
dosing system,
 balancing tanks,
 sludge thickener
 dissolved air flotation
plant
 4 leachate holding-ponds

Treated leachate is conveyed to the reed beds for final polishing. The
reed beds consist of Phragmites plant- Water quality monitoring
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

BUKIT TAGAR SANITARY LANDFILL (BTSL )

Bukit Tagar Renewable Energy Centre

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

Convert to electricity by using combustion

generator. Gas must be
processed to remove detrimental
impurities
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

The 125 kilowatt solar project at BTSL 

4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.5 Leachate

LEACHATE TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT

PLANT

Possible when
landfill is located near a waste water collection system
where a pressure sewer can be used to connect the landfill
leachate collection to a waste water collection system

In many cases, the organic content of leachate required to be

reduced before discharged to the sewer.
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.6 Landfill Gases

 To determine the size of the gas collection & processing facilities

needed, the quantity of landfill gas must first be estimated

 The decision to use horizontal or vertical gas recovery wells depends

on the design & capacity of the landfill

 The decision to flare or to recover energy from the landfill gas is

determined by the capacity of the landfill site & the opportunity to sell
power produced from the conversion of landfill gas to energy
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.6 Landfill Gases : Flaring

 Common method of gas management

 Also called thermal destruction
 Methane will be burned together with other gas
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.7 Landfill Cover Configuration

 The use of a geo-membrane liner as a barrier layer is favoured by

most landfill designers to limit the entry of surface water & to control
the release of landfill gases

 The specific cover configuration selected will depend on the location

of the landfill & the climatological conditions

 To ensure the rapid removal of rainfall from the completed landfill &
to avoid the formation of puddles, the final cover should have a slope
of about 3% to 5%
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.7 Landfill Cover Configuration

Surface Water Drainage Facilities

An important step in the

design of a landfill is
to develop an overall
drainage plan for the
area that shows the
location of;
 Storm drains
 Culverts
 Ditches
 Subsurface drain
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

4.7.8 Public Health and Safety

Health and safety of workers

 The federal government through OSHA regulations & states through
OSHA-type programs have established requirements for a comprehensive
health & safety
 program for the workers at landfill site

 Attention must be given to the types of protective clothing & boots, air-
filtering head gear & punctureproof gloves supplied to the workers

Safety of the public

 The use of a convenience transfer station at the landfill site, to minimize
the public contact with the working operations of the landfill is gaining in
popularity
4.7 Landfilling Methods (Containment Type)

Completed Landfill
4.8 Closed Landfill

Canton Landfill
4.8 Closed Landfill

Riverview Landfill

The Riverview Highlands Golf

Practice Facility
 4.8 Closed Landfill

Fresno Sanitary Landfill ( oldest “ true” SL in US)

The Fresno Sanitary Landfill is a National Historic Landmark as well as in the

National Register of Historic Places.
 4.8 Closed Landfill

Truax Landfill

Golf Course
 4.8 Closed Landfill

Madison Landfills
Landfill Site Location Current Use
Mineral Point Landfill 128 Yellowstone Drive Mineral Point public park
Greentree Landfill 6600-6700 Hammersley Rd Greentree – Chapel Hills public park
Olin Landfill 123 E. Olin Avenue Quann public park and off-leash dog park
Demetral
Demetral Landfill 200-500 Packers Avenue public park, off-leash dog park, and East
High School fields
Sycamore Landfill 4601 Sycamore Road Sycamore public park and off-leash dog pa
rk
4.8 Closed Landfill

Pajam Landfill, Negeri Sembilan

8MW solar farm

4.8 Closed Landfill

Air Hitam Sanitary Landfill

Worldwide landfills
Park
 5km jogging track
(comprising both tarred
road and interlocking
bricks),
 bicycle track,
 playground
 exercise area.
4.7 Closed Landfill

Jelutong Landfill

a site for
construction and
demolition
(C&D) waste.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes)

Regulations 2005
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005 replaced the

Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 1989. Under these
regulations, 77 types of scheduled wastes listed in the First Schedule are
divided into 5 categories, namely:

1. SW 1 Metal and metal-bearing wastes (10 types of scheduled

wastes, labelled as SW 101 – SW 110);
2. SW 2 Wastes containing principally inorganic constituents which
may contain metals and organic materials (7 types of scheduled
wastes, labelled as SW 201 – SW 207 );
3. SW 3 Wastes containing principally organic constituents which may
contain metals and inorganic materials (27 types of scheduled
wastes, labelled as SW 301 – SW 327 );
4. SW 4 Wastes which may contain either inorganic or organic
constituents (32 types of scheduled wastes, labelled as SW 401 SW 432 )
5. SW 5 Other wastes (1 type of scheduled waste, labelled as SW 501)
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

A Summary of Environmental Requirements on Scheduled Wastes

A waste generator may store scheduled

wastes generated by him for 180 days

1
or less after its generation provided
that the quantity of scheduled wastes
accumulated on site shall not exceed
20 metric tonnes.

However, waste generators may apply

to the Director General in writing to
store more than 20 metric tonnes of
scheduled wastes.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

A Summary of Environmental Requirements on Scheduled Wastes

The containers that are used to store

scheduled wastes shall be clearly

2
labelled with the date when the
scheduled wastes are first generated
as well as the name, address and
telephone number of the waste
generator.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

2
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

A Summary of Environmental Requirements on Scheduled Wastes

Land farming, incineration, disposal and off-

site facilities for recovery, storage and

3
treatment can only be carried out at
prescribed premises licensed by the
Department of Environment. However, with
the signing of the concession agreement
between the Government of Malaysia and
Kualiti Alam Sdn. Bhd on 18 December 1995
(15 years concession period), all off-site
treatment and disposal (incineration,
wastewater treatment, storage and secure
landfill) of scheduled wastes is not allowed
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

A Summary of Environmental Requirements on Scheduled Wastes

On-site incineration of scheduled

wastes is not encouraged. If it is

4
deemed necessary, application for the
installation of such incinerator must
strictly adhere to the Guidelines On the
Installation of Onsite Incinerator for the
Disposal of Scheduled Wastes in
Malaysia” (published by the Department
of Environment), including carrying out
a detailed environmental impact
assessment and display of the EIA
report for public comments
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.1 Laws and Legislation

A Summary of Environmental Requirements on Scheduled Wastes

Waste generators may apply for special

management of scheduled wastes to have

5
the scheduled wastes generated from
their particular facility or process
excluded from being treated, disposed of
or recovered in premises or facilities other
than at the prescribed premises or onsite
treatment or recovery facilities, as
stipulated under Regulation 7(1),
Environmental Quality (Scheduled
Wastes) Regulations 2005.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: incineration

Incineration is the combustion of waste in a controlled manner in order to destroy

it or transform it into:
- less hazardous
- less bulky
- more controllable constituents.

Incineration may be used to dispose of a wide range of waste streams including

municipal solid waste (MSW), commercial, clinical and certain types of industrial
waste.

Incineration is generally the second more frequently selected method of waste

management after landfilling. Disposal is a major concern of incineration because
landifill space is becoming scarce. Incineration of MSW with energy recovery can
be viewed as an attractive alternative to landfilling in many situations.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: incineration

The specific benefits of incineration:

 A reduction in the volume and weight of waste especially of bulky solids with a
high combustible content. Reduction achieved can be up to 90% of volume and
75% of weight of materials going to final landfill.
 Destruction of some wastes and detoxification of others to render them more
suitable for final disposal, e.g. combustible carcinogens, pathologically
contaminated materials, toxic organic compounds or biologically active materials
that could affect sewage treatment work.
 Destruction of organic components of biodegradable wastes which when
landfilled directly generates landfill gas (LFG).
 The recovery of energy from organic wastes with sufficient calorific value.
 Replacement of fossil fuels for energy generation with consequent beneficial
impact in terms of the „greenhouse“ effect.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: incineration

Type of incinerator : A) Moving GRATE

The convential mass burning
incinerator based on a moving
grate consists of layered burning of
the waste on the grate that
transport the waste through the
furnace. On the grate the waste is
dried and then burn at the high
temperature while air is supplied.
The ash (including noncombustibile
waste fractions) leave the grate via
the ash chute as slag (bottom ash).
The main advantages of the
moving grate are that it is well
proven technology, can
accomodate large variations in
waste composition and in heat
values and can be built in the very
large units (up to 50 t/h). The main
disadvantage is the investment and
maintenance cost which are
relatively high.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: incineration
Type of incinerator : B) ROTARY KLIN
Rotary-kiln
 used by municipalities and by large
industrial plants.
 This design of incinerator has 2
chambers:
 Primary chamber (consists of an
inclined refractory lined
cylindrical tube. The inner
refractory lining serves as
sacrificial layer to protect the
kiln structure. This refractory
layer needs to be replaced from
time to time )
 Secondary chamber (necessary
to complete gas phase
combustion reactions.)
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: incineration

Type of incinerator : C) Fluidized Bed

• Fluidized Bed
 A strong airflow is forced through a
sand bed.
 The air seeps through the sand until a
point is reached where the sand
particles separate to let the air through
and mixing and churning occurs.
 The bed is thereby violently mixed and
agitated keeping small inert particles
and air in a fluid-like state. This allows
all of the mass of waste, fuel and sand
to be fully circulated through the
furnace.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.2 Schedule waste treatment: solidification

The principle of solidification /stabilisation is based on mixing wastes with the appropriate

bonding and filling agents in order to modify their physical properties in a desirable way.
The objective of this process is to change waste properties. Such waste fulfils the
requirements for the disposal in a landfill site.
Solidification/ stabilisation process is applicable in the following cases:
o waste does not meet the leachability classification requirements for the disposal in  a
landfill site,
o waste is liquid or releases liquid phase by sedimentation,
o chemical composition of the waste (e.g. TK, NEL...) has possible negative effects on the
quality of leachate, 
o waste is dusty or reeking and may exceed defined emission limits,
o disposal of unmodified waste may result in an adverse reaction with the waste
disposed in the active layer of a landfill body.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.3 Schedule waste disposal: secure landfill

Landfills for disposal of hazardous wastes are

required to meet very stringent Federal and
state standards to protect public health and the
environment.

These standards have been established under

the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and govern the location, design,
construction, operation and final closure of the
landfill.

All hazardous waste landfills must have RCRA

permits that incorporate these standards
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.3 Schedule waste disposal: secure landfill

Including:
1) Sanitary Landfill
2) Secured Landfill
3) Leachate Treatment
4) Schedule waste incineration
Owned and Managed by Trieneken (Sarawak) facilityng
Sdn Bhd

Location :, 27 km from Kuching

 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.3 Schedule waste disposal: secure landfill
Kualiti Alam Waste Management Centre. The Centre hold the license to handle 76 categories of 77
scheduled wastes listed under Environmental Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005. We
provide one-stop solution services under the concept of ‘cradle to cradle’ to our customers.
 4.9 Schedule Waste
4.9.3 Schedule waste disposal: secure landfill

Capacity :

Minimum 1.5
Million tonne
over an area
of
approximatel
y 45 acres